; even- or odd-number ed parity by uartcr1) are added to the transfer data. the transfer data formats are shown as follows. figure 11-2 transfer data format figure 11-3 caution on ch anging transfer data format note: in order to switch the transfer data format, perform transmit operations in the above figure 11-3 sequence except for the initial setting. start bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 stop 1 start bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 stop 1 stop 2 start bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 parity stop 1 start bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 parity stop 1 stop 2 pe 0 0 1 1 stbt frame length 0 1 123 89101112 0 1 without parity / 1 stop bit with parity / 1 stop bit without parity / 2 stop bit with parity / 2 stop bit
page 133 TMP86FS23UG 11.4 transfer rate the baud rate of uart is set of uartcr1. th e example of the baud rate are shown as follows. when tc5 is used as the uart transfer rate (when uartcr1 = ?110?), the tr ansfer clock and transfer rate are determined as follows: transfer clock [hz] = tc5 source clock [hz] / ttreg5 setting value transfer rate [baud] = transfer clock [hz] / 16 11.5 data sampling method the uart receiver keeps sampling input using the cloc k selected by uartcr1 until a start bit is detected in rxd pin input. rt clock star ts detecting ?l? level of the rxd pin. once a start bit is detected, the start bit, data bits, stop bi t(s), and parity bit are sampled at three times of rt7, rt8, and rt9 during one receiver clock interval (rt clock). (rt0 is the position where the bit supposedly starts.) bit is determined according to majority rule (the data are the same twice or more out of three samplings). figure 11-4 data sampling method table 11-1 transfer rate (example) brg source clock 16 mhz 8 mhz 4 mhz 000 76800 [baud] 38400 [baud] 19200 [baud] 001 38400 19200 9600 010 19200 9600 4800 011 9600 4800 2400 100 4800 2400 1200 101 2400 1200 600 rt0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1314 15  01234567891011 bit 0 start bit bit 0 start bit (a) without noise rejection circuit rt clock internal receive data rt0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1314 15  01234567891011 bit 0 start bit bit 0 start bit rt clock internal receive data (b) with noise rejection circuit rxd pin rxd pin
page 134 11. asynchronous serial interface (uart ) 11.6 stop bit length TMP86FS23UG 11.6 stop bit length select a transmit stop bit length (1 bit or 2 bits) by uartcr1. 11.7 parity set parity / no parity by uartcr1 and set parity type (odd- or even-numbered) by uartcr1. 11.8 transmit/receive operation 11.8.1 data transmit operation set uartcr1 to ?1?. read uartsr to check ua rtsr = ?1?, then write data in tdbuf (transmit data buffer). writing data in tdbuf zero-cl ears uartsr, transfers the data to the transmit shift register and the data are sequenti ally output from the txd pin. the data output include a one-bit start bit, stop bits whose number is specified in uartcr1 and a parity bit if parity addition is specified. select the data transfer baud rate using uartcr1. when data transmit st arts, transmit buffer empty flag uartsr is set to ?1? a nd an inttxd interrupt is generated. while uartcr1 = ?0? and from when ?1? is written to uartcr1 to when send data are written to tdbuf, the txd pin is fixed at high level. when transmitting data, first read uartsr, then write data in tdbuf. otherwise, uartsr is not zero-cleared and transm it does not start. 11.8.2 data receive operation set uartcr1 to ?1?. when data are received vi a the rxd pin, the receive data are transferred to rdbuf (receive data buffer). at this time, the data transmitted includes a start bit and stop bit(s) and a parity bit if parity addition is specified. when stop bit(s) are received, data only are extracted and transferred to rdbuf (receive data buffer). then the receive buffer full flag ua rtsr is set and an intrxd interrupt is generated. select the data transfer baud rate using uartcr1. if an overrun error (oerr) occurs when data are received, the da ta are not transferre d to rdbuf (receive data buffer) but discarded; data in the rdbuf are not affected. note:when a receive operation is disabled by setting ua rtcr1 bit to ?0?, the setting becomes valid when data receive is completed. however, if a framing error occurs in data receive, the receive-disabling setting may not become valid. if a framing error occurs , be sure to perform a re-receive operation.
page 135 TMP86FS23UG 11.9 status flag 11.9.1 parity error when parity determined using the receive data bits diff ers from the received parity bit, the parity error flag uartsr is set to ?1?. the uartsr is cl eared to ?0? when the rdbuf is read after read- ing the uartsr. figure 11-5 generation of parity error 11.9.2 framing error when ?0? is sampled as the stop bit in the receive data, framing error flag uartsr is set to ?1?. the uartsr is cleared to ?0? when the rdbuf is r ead after reading the uartsr. figure 11-6 generati on of framing error 11.9.3 overrun error when all bits in the next data are received while unread data are still in rdbuf, overrun error flag uartsr is set to ?1?. in this case, the receive data is discarded; data in rdbuf are not affected. the uartsr is cleared to ?0? when the rdbuf is read af ter reading the uartsr. parity stop shift register pxxxx0 * 1pxxxx0 xxxx0 ** rxd pin uartsr intrxd interrupt after reading uartsr then rdbuf clears perr. final bit stop shift register xxxx0 * 0xxxx0 xxx0 ** rxd pin uartsr intrxd interrupt after reading uartsr then rdbuf clears ferr.
page 136 11. asynchronous serial interface (uart ) 11.9 status flag TMP86FS23UG figure 11-7 generati on of overrun error note:receive operations are di sabled until the overrun error flag uartsr is cleared. 11.9.4 receive data buffer full loading the received data in rdbuf sets receive data buffer full flag uartsr to "1". the uartsr is cleared to ?0? when the rdbuf is read after reading the uartsr. figure 11-8 generation of receive data buffer full note:if the overrun error flag uartsr is set during the period between reading the uartsr and reading the rdbuf, it cannot be cleared by only reading the rdbuf. therefore, after reading the rdbuf, read the uartsr again to check whether or not the overrun er ror flag which should have been cleared still remains set. 11.9.5 transmit data buffer empty when no data is in the transmit buffer tdbuf, uartsr is set to ?1?, that is, when data in tdbuf are transferred to the transmit shif t register and data transmit star ts, transmit data buffer empty flag uartsr is set to ?1?. the uartsr is cleared to ?0? when the tdbuf is written after reading the uartsr. final bit stop shift register xxxx0 * 1xxxx0 yyyy xxx0 ** rxd pin uartsr intrxd interrupt after reading uartsr then rdbuf clears oerr. rdbuf uartsr final bit stop shift register xxxx0 * 1xxxx0 xxxx yyyy xxx0 ** rxd pin uartsr intrxd interrupt rdbuf after reading uartsr then rdbuf clears rbfl.
page 137 TMP86FS23UG figure 11-9 generation of transmit data buffer empty 11.9.6 transmit end flag when data are transmitted and no data is in tdbuf (uartsr = ?1?), transmit end flag uartsr is set to ?1?. the uartsr is cleared to ?0? when the data transmit is stated after writing the tdbuf. figure 11-10 generation of transmit end flag and transmit data buffer empty shift register data write data write zzzz xxxx yyyy start bit 0 final bit stop 1xxxx0 ***** 1 * 1xxxx **** 1x ***** 1 1yyyy0 tdbuf txd pin uartsr inttxd interrupt after reading uartsr writing tdbuf clears tbep. shift register * 1yyyy *** 1 xx **** 1 x ***** 1 stop start 1yyyy0 bit 0 txd pin uartsr uartsr inttxd interrupt data write for tdbuf
page 138 11. asynchronous serial interface (uart ) 11.9 status flag TMP86FS23UG
page 139 TMP86FS23UG 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) the TMP86FS23UG has a clocked-synchr onous 8-bit serial inte rface. serial interface ha s an 8-byte transmit and receive data buffer that can automatically and continuously transfer up to 64 bits of data. serial interface is connected to outside peripherl devices via so, si, sck port. 12.1 configuration figure 12-1 serial interface sio control / status register serial clock shift clock shift register 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 transmit and receive data buffer (8 bytes in dbr) control circuit cpu serial data output serial data input 8-bit transfer 4-bit transfer serial clock i/o buffer control circuit so si sck siocr2 siocr1 siosr intsio interrupt request
page 140 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) 12.2 control TMP86FS23UG 12.2 control the serial interface is controlled by sio control registers (s iocr1/siocr2). the serial interface status can be determined by reading sio status register (siosr). the transmit and receive data buffer is controlled by the siocr2. th e data buffer is assigned to address 0f90h to 0f97h for sio in the dbr area, and can continuously transfer up to 8 words (bytes or nibbles) at one time. when the specified number of words has b een transferred, a buffer empty (in th e transmit mode) or a buffer full (in the receive mode or tran smit/receive mode) interrupt (intsio) is generated. when the internal clock is used as the serial clock in the 8-bit receive mode and the 8-bit transmit/receive mode, a fixed interval wait can be applied to the serial clock fo r each word transferred. four different wait times can be selected with siocr2. note 1: fc; high-frequency clock [hz], fs; low-frequency clock [hz] note 2: set sios to "0" and sioinh to "1" when setting the transfer mode or serial clock. note 3: siocr1 is write-only register, whic h cannot access any of in read-modify-wri te instruction such as bit operate, etc. sio control register 1 siocr176543210 (0f98h) sios sioinh siom sck (initial value: 0000 0000) sios indicate transfer start / stop 0: stop write only 1: start sioinh continue / abort transfer 0: continuously transfer 1: abort transfer (automatically cleared after abort) siom transfer mode select 000: 8-bit transmit mode 010: 4-bit transmit mode 100: 8-bit transmit / receive mode 101: 8-bit receive mode 110: 4-bit receive mode except the above: reserved sck serial clock select normal1/2, idle1/2 mode slow1/2 sleep1/2 mode write only dv7ck = 0 dv7ck = 1 000 fc/2 13 fs/2 5 fs/2 5 001 fc/2 8 fc/2 8 - 010 fc/2 7 fc/2 7 - 011 fc/2 6 fc/2 6 - 100 fc/2 5 fc/2 5 - 101 fc/2 4 fc/2 4 - 110 reserved 111 external clock ( input from sck pin ) sio control register 2 siocr276543210 (0f99h) wait buf (initial value: ***0 0000)
page 141 TMP86FS23UG note 1: the lower 4 bits of each buffer are used during 4-bit tr ansfers. zeros (0) are stored to the upper 4bits when receiving. note 2: transmitting starts at the lowest address. received data are also stored starting from the lowest address to the highest address. ( the first buffer address transmitted is 0f90h ). note 3: the value to be loaded to buf is held after transfer is completed. note 4: siocr2 must be set when the serial interface is stopped (siof = 0). note 5: *: don't care note 6: siocr2 is write-only register, whic h cannot access any of in read-modify-wri te instruction such as bit operate, etc. note 1: t f ; frame time, t d ; data transfer time note 2: after sios is cleared to "0", siof is cleared to "0" at the termination of transfer or the setting of sioinh to "1". figure 12-2 fr ame time (t f ) and data transfer time (t d ) 12.3 serial clock 12.3.1 clock source internal clock or external clock for the source clock is selected by siocr1. wait wait control always sets "00" except 8-bit transmit / receive mode. write only 00: t f = t d (non wait) 01: t f = 2t d (wait) 10: t f = 4t d (wait) 11: t f = 8t d (wait) buf number of transfer words (buffer address in use) 000: 1 word transfer 0f90h 001: 2 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f91h 010: 3 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f92h 011: 4 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f93h 100: 5 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f94h 101: 6 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f95h 110: 7 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f96h 111: 8 words transfer 0f90h ~ 0f97h sio status register siosr76543210 (0f99h) siof sef siof serial transfer operating status moni- tor 0: 1: transfer terminated transfer in process read only sef shift operating status monitor 0: 1: shift operation terminated shift operation in process td tf (output) s ck output
page 142 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) 12.3 serial clock TMP86FS23UG 12.3.1.1 internal clock any of six frequencies can be selected. the serial clock is output to the outside on the sck pin. the sck pin goes high when transfer starts. when data writing (in the transmit mo de) or reading (in the receive mode or the transmit/receive mode) cannot keep up with the serial clock rate, there is a wa it function that automatically stops the serial clock and holds the next shift operation until the read/write processing is completed. note: 1 kbit = 1024 bit (fc = 16 mhz, fs = 32.768 khz) figure 12-3 automatic wait fu nction (at 4-bit transmit mode) 12.3.1.2 external clock an external clock connected to the sck pin is used as the serial clock. in this case, output latch of this port should be set to "1". to ensure shifting, a pulse width of at least 4 machine cycles is required. this pulse is needed for the shift operatio n to execute certainly. actually, there is necessary processing time for interrupting, writing, and reading. the minimum pulse is determined by setting the mode and the pro- gram. therfore, maximum transfer frequenc y will be 488.3k bit/sec (at fc=16mhz). figure 12-4 external clock pulse width table 12-1 serial clock rate normal1/2, idle1/2 mode slow1/2, sleep1/2 mode dv7ck = 0 dv7ck = 1 sck clock baud rate clock baud rate clock baud rate 000 fc/2 13 1.91 kbps fs/2 5 1024 bps fs/2 5 1024 bps 001 fc/2 8 61.04 kbps fc/2 8 61.04 kbps - - 010 fc/2 7 122.07 kbps fc/2 7 122.07 kbps - - 011 fc/2 6 244.14 kbps fc/2 6 244.14 kbps - - 100 fc/2 5 488.28 kbps fc/2 5 488.28 kbps - - 101 fc/2 4 976.56 kbps fc/2 4 976.56 kbps - - 110 - - - - - - 111 external external external external external external a 1 a 2 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 c 0 c 1 a 3 a c b a 0 pin (output) pin (output) written transmit data a utomat i ca ll y wait function sck so t sckl t sckh tcyc = 4/fc (in the normal1/2, idle1/2 modes) 4/fs (in the slow1/2, sleep1/2 modes) t sckl , t sckh > 4tcyc sck pin (output)
page 143 TMP86FS23UG 12.3.2 shift edge the leading edge is used to transmit, a nd the trailing edge is used to receive. 12.3.2.1 leading edge transmitted data are shifted on the leading ed ge of the serial clock (falling edge of the sck pin input/ output). 12.3.2.2 trailing edge received data are shifted on the trailing edge of the serial clock (rising edge of the sck pin input/out- put). figure 12-5 shift edge 12.4 number of bits to transfer either 4-bit or 8-bit serial transfer can be selected. when 4-bit serial transfer is selected, only the lower 4 bits of the transmit/receive data buffer re gister are used. the upper 4 bits are cleared to ?0? when receiving. the data is transferred in sequence star ting at the least significant bit (lsb). 12.5 number of w ords to transfer up to 8 words consisting of 4 bits of data (4-bit serial tran sfer) or 8 bits (8-bit serial tr ansfer) of data can be trans- ferred continuously. the number of words to be transferred can be selected by siocr2. an intsio interrupt is generated when the specified number of words has been transferred. if the number of words is to be changed during transfer , the serial interface must be stopped before making the ch ange. the number of words can be changed during automatic-wa it operation of an internal clock. in this case, the serial interface is not required to be stopped. bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 * 321 3210 ** 32 *** 3 bit 0 shift register shift register bit 1 bit 0 bit 2 bit 3 0 *** **** 210 * 10 ** 3210 (a) leading edge (b) trailing edge * ; don?t care so pin si pin sck pin sck pin
page 144 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) 12.6 transfer mode TMP86FS23UG figure 12-6 number of words to transfer (example: 1word = 4bit) 12.6 transfer mode siocr1 is used to select the tr ansmit, receive, or tr ansmit/receive mode. 12.6.1 4-bit and 8-bit transfer modes in these modes, firstly set the sio control register to the transmit mode, and then write first transmit data (number of transfer words to be transfer red) to the data buffer registers (dbr). after the data are written, the transmission is star ted by setting siocr1 to ?1?. the data are then output sequentially to the so pin in synchronous with th e serial clock, starting with the least significant bit (lsb). as soon as the lsb has been output, the data are transferred from the data buffer register to the shift register. when the final data bit has been transferred a nd the data buffer register is empty, an intsio (buffer empty) interrupt is generated to request the next transmitted data. when the internal clock is used, the serial clock will stop and an automatic-wait will be initiated if the next transmitted data are not loaded to the data buffer regist er by the time the number of data words specified with the siocr2 has been transmitted . writing even one word of data can cels the automatic- wait; therefore, when transmitting two or more words, always write the ne xt word before transmission of the previous word is completed. note:automatic waits are also canceled by writing to a dbr not being used as a transmit data buffer register; there- fore, during sio do not use such dbr for other applicati ons. for example, when 3 words are transmitted, do not use the dbr of the remained 5 words. when an external clock is used, the data must be writte n to the data buffer register before shifting next data. thus, the transfer speed is determin ed by the maximum delay time from the generation of the interrupt request to writing of the data to the data buffer register by the interrupt service program. the transmission is ended by clearing siocr1 to ?0? or setting siocr1 to ?1? in buffer empty interrupt service program. a 1 a 2 a 3 a 0 a 1 a 2 a 3 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 c 0 c 1 c 2 c 3 a 0 a 1 a 0 a 2 a 3 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 c 0 c 1 c 2 c 3 (a) 1 word transmit (b) 3 words transmit (c) 3 words receive so pin intsio interrupt intsio interrupt intsio interrupt so pin si pin sck pin sck pin sck pin
page 145 TMP86FS23UG siocr1 is cleared, the operation will end after all bits of words are transmitted. that the transmission has ended can be determined from the status of siosr becau se siosr is cleared to ?0? when a transfer is completed. when siocr1 is set, the transmission is immediately ended and siosr is cleared to ?0?. when an external clock is used, it is also necessary to clear siocr1 to ?0? before shifting the next data; if siocr1 is not cleared before shift out, dummy data will be transmitted and the operation will end. if it is necessary to change the number of word s, siocr1 should be cleared to ?0?, then siocr2 must be rewritten after confirming that siosr has been cleared to ?0?. figure 12-7 transfer m ode (example: 8bit, 1word tr ansfer, internal clock) figure 12-8 transfer mode (example: 8b it, 1word transfer , external clock) a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 a 0 dbr b a clear sios write (a) write (b) sck pin (output) so pin intsio interrupt siocr1 siosr siosr siosr a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 a 0 dbr b a clear sios write (a) write (b) sck pin (input) so pin intsio interrupt siocr1 siosr siosr
page 146 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) 12.6 transfer mode TMP86FS23UG figure 12-9 transmiiied data ho ld time at end of transfer 12.6.2 4-bit and 8- bit receive modes after setting the control registers to the receive mode , set siocr1 to ?1? to enable receiving. the data are then transferred to the shift register via the si pin in synchronous with the serial clock. when one word of data has been received, it is tran sferred from the shift register to the data buffer register (dbr). when the number of words specified w ith the siocr2 has been received, an intsio (buffer full) interrupt is generated to request that these data be read out. the da ta are then read from the da ta buffer registers by the interrupt service program. when the internal clock is used, and the previous data are not read from the data buffer register before the next data are received, the serial cloc k will stop and an automatic-wait will be initiated until the data are read. a wait will not be initiated if even one data word has been read. note:waits are also canceled by readi ng a dbr not being used as a received data buffer register is read; therefore, during sio do not use such dbr for other applications. when an external clock is used, the shift operation is synchronized with the extern al clock; therefore, the previous data are read before the next data are transferred to the data buffer register. if the previous data have not been read, the next data will not be transferred to th e data buffer register and th e receiving of any more data will be canceled. when an external clock is used, th e maximum transfer speed is determined by the delay between the time when the interrupt request is gene rated and when the data received have been read. the receiving is ended by clearing si ocr1 to ?0? or setting sio cr1 to ?1? in buffer full interrupt service program. when siocr1 is cleared, th e current data are transferred to the buffer. after siocr1 cleared, the receiving is ended at the ti me that the final bit of the data has been received. that the receiving has ended can be determined from the st atus of siosr. siosr is cleared to ?0? when the receiv- ing is ended. after confirmed the r eceiving termination, the final receiving data is read. when siocr1 is set, the receiving is immediately ended and si osr is cleared to ?0 ?. (the received data is ignored, and it is not required to be read out.) if it is necessary to change the number of words in external clock operation, siocr1 should be cleared to ?0? then siocr2 mu st be rewritten after confirming th at siosr ha s been cleared to ?0?. if it is necessary to change the number of words in internal clock, during automatic-wait operation which occurs after completion of data recei ving, siocr2 must be rewritten before the received data is read out. note:the buffer contents are lost when the transfer mode is switched. if it should become necessary to switch the transfer mode, end receiving by cl earing siocr1 to ?0?, read the last data and then switch the trans- fer mode. msb of last word t sodh = min 3.5/fc [s] ( in the normal1/2, idle1/2 modes) t sodh = min 3.5/fs [s] (in the slow1/2, sleep1/2 modes) sck pin so pin siosr
page 147 TMP86FS23UG figure 12-10 receive mode (example: 8b it, 1word transfer, internal clock) 12.6.3 8-bit trans fer / receive mode after setting the sio control register to the 8-bit transmit/recei ve mode, write the data to be transmitted first to the data buffer registers (dbr). after that, enable the transmit/receive by sett ing siocr1 to ?1?. when transmitting, the data are output from the so pin at leading edges of the serial clock. when receiving, the data are input to the si pin at th e trailing edges of the serial clock. wh en the all receive is enabled, 8-bit data are transferred from th e shift register to the data buffer regist er. an intsio interrupt is generated when the number of data words specified with the siocr2 has been tr ansferred. usually, read the receive data from the buffer register in the interrupt service. the data buffer register is used for both transmitting and receiving; therefore, always writ e the data to be transmitted af ter reading the all received data. when the internal clock is used, a wait is initiated until the received data are read and the next transfer data are written. a wait will not be initiated if ev en one transfer data word has been written. when an external clock is used, the shift operation is synchronized with the external clock; therefore, it is necessary to read the received data and write the data to be transmitted next before starting the next shift oper- ation. when an external clock is us ed, the transfer speed is determined by the maximum delay between genera- tion of an interrupt request and the received data are read and the data to be transmitted next are written. the transmit/receive operatio n is ended by clearing siocr1 to ?0? or setting siocr1 to ?1? in intsio interrupt service program. when siocr1 is cleared, the current data ar e transferred to the buff er. after siocr1 cleared, the transmitting/ receiving is ended at the time that the fi nal bit of the data has been transmitted. that the transmitting/ receiving has ended can be determined from the status of siosr. siosr is cleared to ?0? when the transmitting/recei ving is ended. when siocr1 is set, the transmit/receive operation is immediately ended and siosr is cleared to ?0?. if it is necessary to change the number of words in external clock operation, siocr1 should be cleared to ?0?, then sio cr2 must be rewritten after confirmi ng that siosr has been cleared to ?0?. if it is necessary to change the number of words in internal clock, during automatic-wait operation which occurs after completion of transmit/ receive operation, siocr2 must be rewritten before reading and writing of the receive/transmit data. a 1 a 0 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 dbr b a clear sios read out read out sck pin (output) si pin intsio interrupt siocr1 siosr siosr
page 148 12. synchronous serial interface (sio) 12.6 transfer mode TMP86FS23UG note:the buffer contents are lost when the transfer mode is switched. if it should become necessary to switch the transfer mode, end receiving by cl earing siocr1 to ?0?, read the last data and then switch the trans- fer mode. figure 12-11 transfer / receive mode (examp le: 8bit, 1word transfe r, internal clock) figure 12-12 transmitted data hold ti me at end of tr ansfer / receive a 1 a 0 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 c 1 c 0 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 c b c 6 c 7 d 0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 clear sios dbr d a read out (c) write (a) read out (d) write (b) sck pin (output) so pin intsio interrupt siocr1 siosr siosr si pin bit 7 of last word bit 6 t sodh = min 4/fc [s] ( in the normal1/2, idle1/2 modes) t sodh = min 4/fs [s] (in the slow1/2, sleep1/2 modes) sck pin so pin siosr
page 149 TMP86FS23UG 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) the TMP86FS23UG have a 10-bit successive approximation type ad converter. 13.1 configuration the circuit configuration of the 10-bit ad converter is shown in figure 13-1. it consists of control register adccr1 and adccr2 , converted value register adcdr1 and adcdr2, a da converter, a sample-hold circuit, a compar ator, and a successive comparison circuit. note: before using ad converter, set appropriate value to i/o port register conbining a analog input port. for details, see the sec- tion on "i/o ports". figure 13-1 10-bit ad converter 2 4 10 8 ainds adrs r/2 r/2 r ack amd irefon ad conversion result register 1, 2 ad converter control register 1, 2 adbf eocf intadc sain n successive approximate circuit adccr2 adcdr1 adcdr2 adccr1  sample hold circuit a s en shift clock da converter analog input multiplexer y reference voltage analog comparator 2 3 control circuit vss varef avdd ain0 ain7
page 150 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) 13.2 register configuration TMP86FS23UG 13.2 register configuration the ad converter consists of the following four registers: 1. ad converter control register 1 (adccr1) this register selects the analog channels and operatio n mode (software start or repeat) in which to per- form ad conversion and controls the ad converter as it starts operating. 2. ad converter control register 2 (adccr2) this register selects the ad conversion time and co ntrols the connection of the da converter (ladder resistor network). 3. ad converted value register 1 (adcdr1) this register used to store the digital value fter being converted by the ad converter. 4. ad converted value register 2 (adcdr2) this register monitors the oper ating status of the ad converter. note 1: select analog input channel during ad converter stops (adcdr2 = "0"). note 2: when the analog input channel is all use dis abling, the adccr1 should be set to "1". note 3: during conversion, do not perform port output instruction to maintain a precision for all of the pins because analog inp ut port use as general input port. and for port near to anal og input, do not input intense signaling of change. note 4: the adccr1 is automatically cleared to "0" after starting conversion. note 5: do not set adccr1 newly again during ad conv ersion. before setting adccr1 newly again, check adcdr2 to see that the conversion is completed or wait until the interrupt signal (intadc) is generated (e.g., interrupt handling routine). note 6: after stop or slow/sleep mode are started, ad conver ter control register1 (adccr1) is all initialized and no data can be written in this register. therfore, to use ad converter again, set the adccr1 newly after returning to normal1 or normal2 mode. ad converter control register 1 adccr1 (000eh) 76543210 adrs amd ainds sain (initial value: 0001 0000) adrs ad conversion start 0: 1: - ad conversion start r/w amd ad operating mode 00: 01: 10: 11: ad operation disable software start mode reserved repeat mode ainds analog input control 0: 1: analog input enable analog input disable sain analog input channel select 0000: 0001: 0010: 0011: 0100: 0101: 0110: 0111: 1000: 1001: 1010: 1011: 1100: 1101: 1110: 1111: ain0 ain1 ain2 ain3 ain4 ain5 ain6 ain7 reserved reserved reserved reserved reserved reserved reserved reserved
page 151 TMP86FS23UG note 1: always set bit0 in adccr2 to "0" and set bit4 in adccr2 to "1". note 2: when a read instruction for adccr2, bi t6 to 7 in adccr2 read in as undefined data. note 3: after stop or slow/sleep mode are started, ad conver ter control register2 (adccr2) is all initialized and no data can be written in this register. therfore, to use ad converter again, set the adccr2 newly after returning to normal1 or normal2 mode. note 1: setting for " ? " in the above table are inhibited. fc: high frequency oscillation clock [hz] note 2: set conversion time setting should be kept more t han the following time by analog reference voltage (varef) . ad converter control register 2 adccr2 (000fh) 76543210 irefon "1" ack "0" (initial value: **0* 000*) irefon da converter (ladder resistor) connection control 0: 1: connected only during ad conversion always connected r/w ack ad conversion time select (refer to the following table about the con- version time) 000: 001: 010: 011: 100: 101: 110: 111: 39/fc reserved 78/fc 156/fc 312/fc 624/fc 1248/fc reserved table 13-1 ack setting and conversion time condition conversion time 16 mhz 8 mhz 4 mhz 2 mhz 10 mhz 5 mhz 2.5 mhz ack 000 39/fc - - - 19.5 s - - 15.6 s 001 reserved 010 78/fc - - 19.5 s 39.0 s - 15.6 s 31.2 s 011 156/fc - 19.5 s 39.0 s 78.0 s 15.6 s 31.2 s 62.4 s 100 312/fc 19.5 s39.0 s 78.0 s 156.0 s 31.2 s 62.4 s124.8 s 101 624/fc 39.0 s78.0 s 156.0 s - 62.4 s124.8 s- 110 1248/fc 78.0 s 156.0 s - - 124.8 s- - 111 reserved - varef = 4.5 to 5.5 v 15.6 s and more - varef = 2.7 to 5.5 v 31.2 s and more ad converted value register 1 adcdr1 (0021h) 76543210 ad09 ad08 ad07 ad06 ad05 ad04 ad03 ad02 (initial value: 0000 0000) ad converted value register 2 adcdr2 (0020h) 76543210 ad01 ad00 eocf adbf (initial value: 0000 ****)
page 152 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) 13.2 register configuration TMP86FS23UG note 1: the adcdr2 is cleared to "0" when reading the a dcdr1. therfore, the ad conversion result should be read to adcdr2 more first than adcdr1. note 2: the adcdr2 is set to "1" when ad conversion star ts, and cleared to "0" when ad conversion finished. it also is cleared upon entering stop mode or slow mode . note 3: if a read instruction is executed for a dcdr2, read data of bit3 to bit0 are unstable. eocf ad conversion end flag 0: 1: before or during conversion conversion completed read only adbf ad conversion busy flag 0: 1: during stop of ad conversion during ad conversion
page 153 TMP86FS23UG 13.3 function 13.3.1 software start mode after setting adccr1 to ?01? (software start mode), set adccr1 to ?1?. ad conver- sion of the voltage at the analog input pin specified by adccr1 is thereby started. after completion of the ad conversion, the conversion result is stored in ad converted value registers (adcdr1, adcdr2) and at the same time adcdr2 is set to 1, the ad conversion finished inter- rupt (intadc) is generated. adrs is automatically cleared afte r ad conversion has started. do not set adccr1 newly again (restart) during ad conversion. before setting adrs newly again, check adcdr2 to see that the conversion is completed or wait until the interrupt signa l (intadc) is generated (e.g., interrupt handling rou- tine). figure 13-2 software start mode 13.3.2 repeat mode ad conversion of the voltage at the analog input pin specified by adccr1 is performed repeatedly. in this mode, ad conversion is started by setti ng adccr1 to ?1? after setting adccr1 to ?11? (repeat mode). after completion of the ad conversion, the conversion result is stored in ad converted value registers (adcdr1, adcdr2) and at the same time adcdr2 is set to 1, the ad conversion finished inter- rupt (intadc) is generated. in repeat mode, each time one ad conversion is complete d, the next ad conversion is started. to stop ad conversion, set adccr1 to ?00? (disable mode) by writing 0s. the ad convert operation is stopped immediately. the converted valu e at this time is not stored in the ad converted value register. adcdr1 status eocf cleared by reading conversion result conversion result read adcdr2 intadc interrupt request adcdr2 adccr1 1st conversion result 2nd conversion result indeterminate ad conversion start ad conversion start a dcdr1 a dcdr2 conversion result read conversion result read conversion result read
page 154 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) 13.3 function TMP86FS23UG figure 13-3 repeat mode 13.3.3 regi ster setting 1. set up the ad converter control register 1 (adccr1) as follows: ? choose the channel to ad convert using ad input channel select (sain). ? specify analog input enable fo r analog input control (ainds). ? specify amd for the ad converter control operation mode (software or repeat mode). 2. set up the ad converter control register 2 (adccr2) as follows: ? set the ad conversion time using ad conversion time (ack). for details on how to set the con- version time, refer to figure 13-1 and ad converter control register 2. ? choose irefon for da converter control. 3. after setting up (1) and (2) above, set ad conversion start (adrs) of ad converter control register 1 (adccr1) to ?1?. if software start mode has been selected, ad conversi on starts immediately. 4. after an elapse of the specified ad conversion time, the ad converted value is stored in ad con- verted value register 1 (adcdr1) and the ad conv ersion finished flag (e ocf) of ad converted value register 2 (adcdr2) is set to ?1?, upon wh ich time ad conversion interrupt intadc is gener- ated. 5. eocf is cleared to ?0? by a read of the conversion result. however, if reconverted before a register read, although eocf is cl eared the previous conversi on result is retained until the next conversion is completed. a dcdr1,adcdr2 eocf cleared by reading conversion result conversion result read a dcdr2 intadc interrupt request conversion operation a dccr1 indeterminate ad conversion start adccr1 ?11? ?00? 1st conversion result ad convert operation suspended. conversion result is not stored. 2nd conversion result 3rd conversion result a dcdr1 a dcdr2 2nd conversion result 3rd conversion result 1st conversion result conversion result read conversion result read conversion result read conversion result read conversion result read
page 155 TMP86FS23UG 13.4 stop/slow modes during ad conversion when standby mode (stop or slow mode) is entered fo rcibly during ad conversi on, the ad convert operation is suspended and the ad converter is in itialized (adccr1 and adccr2 are initia lized to initial value). also, the conversion result is indeterminate. (conversion results up to the previous operation are cleared, so be sure to read the conversion results before entering standby mode (sto p or slow mode).) when restored from standby mode (stop or slow mode), ad conversion is not automatically restarted, so it is necessa ry to restart ad conversion. note that since the analog reference voltage is automatically disconnected, there is no possibility of current flowing into the analog reference voltage. example :after selecting the conversion time 19.5 s at 16 mhz and the analog input channel ain3 pin, perform ad con- version once. after checking eocf, read the converted value, store the lower 2 bits in address 0009eh nd store the upper 8 bits in address 0009fh in ram. the operation mode is software start mode. : (port setting) : ;set port register approrriately before setting ad converter registers. : : (refer to section i/o port in details) ld (adccr1) , 00100011b ; select ain3 ld (adccr2) , 11011000b ;select conversion time(312/fc) and operation mode set (adccr1) . 7 ; adrs = 1(ad conversion start) sloop : test (adcdr2) . 5 ; eocf= 1 ? jrs t, sloop ld a , (adcdr2) ; read result data ld (9eh) , a ld a , (adcdr1) ; read result data ld (9fh), a
page 156 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) 13.5 analog input voltage and ad conversion result TMP86FS23UG 13.5 analog input voltage and ad conversion result the analog input voltage is corresponded to the 10-bit dig ital value converted by the ad as shown in figure 13-4. figure 13-4 analog i nput voltage and ad c onversion result (typ.) 1 0 01 h 02 h 03 h 3fd h 3fe h 3ff h 2 3 1021 1022 1023 1024 analog input voltage 1024 ad conversion result varef vss
page 157 TMP86FS23UG 13.6 precautions about ad converter 13.6.1 restrictions for ad conv ersion interrupt (intadc) usage when an ad interrupt is used, it may not be proce ssed depending on program composition. for example, if an intadc interrupt request is generated while an inte rrupt with priority lower than the interrupt latch il15 (intadc) is being accepted, the int adc interrupt latch may be cleared without the intadc interrupt being processed. the completion of ad conversion can be detected by the following methods: (1) method not using the ad conversion end interrupt whether or not ad conversion is completed can be detected by monitoring the ad conversion end flag (eocf) by software. this can be done by polling eocf or monitoring eocf at regular intervals after start of ad conversion. (2) method for detecting ad conversion end while a lower-priority interrupt is being processed while an interrupt with priority lower than intadc is being processed, chec k the ad conversion end flag (eocf) and interrupt latch il15. if il15 = 0 and eocf = 1, call the ad conversion end interrupt processing routine with consideration given to push/pop operations . at this time, if an interrupt request with priority higher than intadc has been set, the ad conversion end interrupt processing routine will be executed first against the specified priority. if n ecessary, we recommend that the ad conversion end interrupt processing rou- tine be called after checking whether or not an interrupt request with priority higher than intadc has been set. 13.6.2 analog input pin voltage range make sure the analog input pins (ain0 to ain7) are used at voltages within varef to vss. if any voltage outside this range is applied to one of the analog input pins, the converted value on that pin becomes uncertain. the other analog input pins also are affected by that. 13.6.3 analog input shared pins the analog input pins (ain0 to ain7) are shared w ith input/output ports. when using any of the analog inputs to execute ad conversion, do not execute input/output instructions for all other ports. this is necessary to prevent the accuracy of ad conversi on from degrading. not only these analog input sh ared pins, some other pins may also be affected by noise arising from input/o utput to and from adjacent pins. 13.6.4 noise countermeasure the internal equivalent circuit of the analog input pins is shown in figure 13-5. the higher the output impedance of the analog input source, more easily they are susceptible to no ise. therefore, make sure the out- put impedance of the signal source in your design is 5 k ? or less. toshiba also recommends attaching a capac- itor external to the chip. figure 13-5 analog i nput equivalent circuit and exam ple of input pin processing da converter aini analog comparator internal resistance permissible signal source impedance internal capacitance 5 k ? (typ) c = 12 pf (typ.) 5 k ? (max) note) i = 7 to 0
page 158 13. 10-bit ad converter (adc) 13.6 precautions about ad converter TMP86FS23UG
page 159 TMP86FS23UG 14. key-on wakeup (kwu) in the TMP86FS23UG, the stop m ode is released by not only p20( int5 / stop ) pin but also four (stop2 to stop5) pins. when the stop mode is released by stop2 to stop5 pins, the stop pin needs to be used. in details, refer to the following section " 14.2 control ". 14.1 configuration figure 14-1 key-on wakeup circuit 14.2 control stop2 to stop5 pins can controlled by key-on wakeup c ontrol register (stopcr). it can be configured as enable/disable in 1-bit unit. when thos e pins are used for stop mode releas e, configure corresponding i/o pins to input mode by i/o port register beforehand. 14.3 function stop mode can be entered by setting up the system control register (syscr1), and can be exited by detecting the "l" level on stop2 to stop5 pins, which are enabled by stopcr, for releasing stop mode (note1). key-on wakeup control register stopcr76543210 (0f9ah) stop5 stop4 stop3 stop2 (initial value: 0000 ****) stop5 stop mode released by stop5 0:disable 1:enable write only stop4 stop mode released by stop4 0:disable 1:enable write only stop3 stop mode released by stop3 0:disable 1:enable write only stop2 stop mode released by stop2 0:disable 1:enable write only stopcr int5 stop stop mode release signal (1: release) (0f9ah) stop2 stop3 stop4 stop5 stop2 stop3 stop4 stop5
page 160 14. key-on wakeup (kwu) 14.3 function TMP86FS23UG also, each level of the stop2 to stop5 pins can be co nfirmed by reading correspondi ng i/o port data register, check all stop2 to stop5 pins "h" that is enabled by stopcr before the stop mode is startd (note2,3). note 1: when the stop mode released by the edge release mo de (syscr1 = ?0?), inhibit input from stop2 to stop5 pins by key-on wakeup control register (stopcr) or must be set "h" level into stop2 to stop5 pins that are available input during stop mode. note 2: when the stop pin input is high or stop2 to stop5 pins input which is enabled by stopcr is low, executing an instruction which starts stop mode wi ll not place in stop mode but instead will immediately start the release sequence (warm up). note 3: the input circuit of key-on wakeup input and port i nput is separated?aso each input voltage threshold value is diffrent. therefore, a value comes from port input before stop mode start may be diffrent from a value which is detected by key-on wakeup input (figure 14-2). note 4: stop pin doesn?t have the control register such as stop cr, so when stop mode is released by stop2 to stop5 pins, stop pin also should be used as stop mode release function. note 5: in stop mode, key-on wakeup pin which is enabled as input mode (for releasing stop mode) by key-on wakeup control register (stopcr) may genarate the penet ration current, so the said pin must be disabled ad conversion input (analog voltage input). note 6: when the stop mode is released by stop2 to stop5 pins, the level of stop pin should hold "l" level (figure 14-3). figure 14-2 key-on wakeup input and port input figure 14-3 priority of stop pin and stop2 to stop5 pins table 14-1 release level (edge) of stop mode pin name release level (edge) syscr1="1" (note2) syscr1="0" stop "h" level rising edge stop2 "l" level don?t use (note1) stop3 "l" level don?t use (note1) stop4 "l" level don?t use (note1) stop5 "l" level don?t use (note1) port input external pin key-on wakeup input stop pin a) stop release stop mode stop mode stop pin "l" b) release stop mode stop mode in case of stop2 to stop5 stop2 pin
page 161 TMP86FS23UG 15. lcd driver the TMP86FS23UG has a driver and control circuit to dir ectly drive the liquid crysta l device (lcd). the pins to be connected to lcd are as follows: 1. segment output port 32 pins (seg31 to seg0) 2. common output port 4 pins (com3 to com0) in addition, vlc pin is provided for the lcd power supply. the devices that can be directly driven is sel ectable from lcd of the following drive methods: 1. 1/4 duty (1/3 bias) lcd max 128 segments (8 segments 16 digits) 2. 1/3 duty (1/3 bias) lcd max 96 segments (8 segments 12 digits) 3. 1/3 duty (1/2 bias) lcd max 96 segments (8 segments 12 digits) 4. 1/2 duty (1/2 bias) lcd max 64 segments (8 segments 8 digits) 5. static lcd max 32 segments (8 segments 4 digits) 15.1 configuration figure 15-1 lcd driver com3 com0 vlc duty control fc/2 17 , fs/2 9 fc/2 14 fc/2 16 , fs/2 8 common driver dbr display data area display data select control timing control display data buffer register blanking control segment driver fc/2 15 to lcdcr to duty slf edsp lrse power switch and  bias, bleeder  resistance 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 seg0 seg31
page 162 15. lcd driver 15.1 configuration TMP86FS23UG 15.2 control the lcd control register (lcdcr) cont rols the lcd driver. edsp specifies whether to enable the lcd display. if edsp is cleared to ?0? for blanking, the power switch for the vlc pin is turned off. so, the com pin and pin out- put selected with seg enter gnd level. note 1: the base-frequency (slf) source clock is swit ched between high and low frequencies by the syscr2 pro- gramming. the base frequency does not depend on the tbtcr programming. note 2: if the setting of syscr2is changed, be sure to turn off the lcd (clear edsp to ?0?) to avoid the output of incor- rect waveform. note 3: programming lrse properly according to the lcd panel used. as the lrse programming increases (lengthen the period of enabling of the low resistor), the drive capability becomes higher while the power dissipation increases. reversely, as the lrse programming decreases shorten the period of enabling of the low resistor, the drive capability becomes lower while the power consumption decreases. note 4: if the idle0, sleep0, or stop mode is activated when the display is enabled, lcdcr is automatically changed to ?0? to blank the display. lcd driver control register lcdcr (0027h) 76543210 edsp lrsel duty slf (initial value: 0000 0000) edsp lcd display control 0: blanking 1: enables lcd display (blanking is released) r/w lrse period selection of enabling (turn on) of the low bleeder resistor (for implementing appropriate lcd panel drive capability) normal1/2, idle/1/2 mode slow1/2, sleep1/2 mode slf setting slf setting 11 10 01 00 01 00 00: 2 6 /fc 2 7 /fc 2 8 /fc 2 9 /fc 1/fs 2/fs 01: 2 9 /fc 2 10 /fc 2 11 /fc 2 12 /fc 2 3 /fs 2 4 /fs 10: always enabling 11: reserved duty selection of driving methods 000: 1/4 duty (1/3 bias) 001: 1/3 duty (1/3 bias) 010: 1/3 duty (1/2 bias) 011: 1/2 duty (1/2 bias) 100: static 101: reserved 110: reserved 111: reserved slf selection of lcd frame fre- quency normal1/2, idle0/1/2 mode slow1/2, sleep1/2 mode 00: 01: 10: 11: fc/2 17 [hz] fc/2 16 fc/2 15 fc/2 13 fs/2 9 [hz] fs/2 8 reserved reserved
page 163 TMP86FS23UG 15.2.1 lcd driving methods as for lcd driving method, 5 types can be selected by lcdcr. the driving method is initialized in the initial program according to the lcd used. note 1: f f : frame frequency note 2: v lcd : lcd drive voltage (= v dd ? v lc ) figure 15-2 lcd drive wave form (com - seg pins) v lcd ? v lcd 1/f f 1/f f v lcd ? v lcd data "1" data "0" 0 data "1" ? v lcd data "0" 0 (b) 1/3 duty (1/3 bias) data "1" data "0" 1/f f v lcd 0 (c) 1/3 duty (1/2 bias) (a) 1/4 duty (1/3 bias) v lcd ? v lcd data "1" data "0" 1/f f 0 (e) static ? v lcd data "1" data "0" 1/f f v lcd 0 (d) 1/2 duty (1/2 bias)
page 164 15. lcd driver 15.1 configuration TMP86FS23UG 15.2.2 frame frequency frame frequency (f f ) is set according to driving method and base frequency as shown in the following table 15-1. the base frequency is selected by lcdcr acco rding to the frequency fc and fs of the basic clock to be used. note: fc: high-frequency clock [hz] note: fs: low-frequency clock [hz] table 15-1 setting of lcd frame frequency for high frequency clock (a) at the syscr2 = ?0?. slf base frequency [hz] frame frequency [hz] 1/4 duty 1/3 duty 1/2 duty static 00 (fc = 16 mhz) 122 163 244 122 (fc = 8 mhz) 61 81 122 61 01 (fc = 8 mhz) 122 163 244 122 (fc = 4 mhz) 61 81 122 61 10 (fc = 4 mhz) 122 163 244 122 (fc = 2 mhz) 61 81 122 61 11 (fc = 2 mhz) 122 162 244 122 (fc = 1 mhz) 61 81 122 61 table 15-2 setting of lcd frame frequency for low frequency clock (b) at the syscr2 = ?1?. slf base frequency [hz] frame frequency [hz] 1/4 duty 1/3 duty 1/2 duty static 00 (fs = 32.768 khz) 64 85 128 64 01 (fs = 32.768 khz) 128 171 256 128 1* reserved fc 2 17 -------- fc 2 17 -------- 4 3 -- - fc 2 17 -------- ? 4 2 -- - fc 2 17 -------- ? fc 2 17 -------- fc 2 16 -------- fc 2 16 -------- 4 3 -- - fc 2 16 -------- ? 4 2 -- - fc 2 16 -------- ? fc 2 16 -------- fc 2 15 -------- fc 2 15 -------- 4 3 -- - fc 2 15 -------- ? 4 2 -- - fc 2 15 -------- ? fc 2 15 -------- fc 2 14 -------- fc 2 14 -------- 4 3 -- - fc 2 14 -------- ? 4 2 -- - fc 2 14 -------- ? fc 2 14 -------- fs 2 9 ----- - fs 2 9 ----- - 4 3 -- - fs 2 9 ----- - ? 4 2 -- - fs 2 9 ----- - ? fs 2 9 ----- - fs 2 8 ----- - fs 2 8 ----- - 4 3 -- - fs 2 8 ----- - ? 4 2 -- - fs 2 8 ----- - ? fs 2 8 ----- -
page 165 TMP86FS23UG 15.2.3 lcd drive voltage lcd driving voltage vlcd is given as potential difference vdd ? vlc between pins vdd and vlc. therefore, when the cpu voltage and lcd drive voltage are the same, vlc pin will be connected to vss pin. the lcd lights when the potential difference between segment output and common output is vlcd. other- wise it turns off. during reset, the power switch of lcd driver is automatically turned off, shutting off the vlc voltage. after reset, if the p*lcr register (*; port no.) fo r each port is set to ?1? with lcdcr = ?0?, a gnd level is output from the pin which can be used as segment. the power switch is turned on to supply vlc voltage to lcd driver by setting with lcdcr to ?1?. if the idle0, sleep0, or stop mode is activated , lcdcr is automati cally changed to ?0? to blank the display. to turn the disp lay back on after releasing from th e previous mode, set lcdcr to ?1? again. note:during reset, the lcd common outputs (com3 to com0) are fixed ?0? level. however, the multiplex port (input/output port or seg output is selectable) becomes high impedance. therefore, when the reset input is long remarkably, ghost problem may appear in lcd display. 15.2.4 adjusting the lcd panel drive capability the lcd panel drive capability can be adjusted by programming lcdcr. when the period of enabling of the low bleeder resistor is lengthened, th e drive capability becomes hi gher while the power con- sumption increases. reversely, when the period of enabli ng of the low bleeder resistor is shortened, the drive capability becomes lower while the power consumption d ecreases. if the drive capability is not enough, the lcd display might present a ghost problem. so, implem ent the optimum drive capability for the lcd panel used. the figure below shows the bleeder resistance timing and equivalent circuit for 1/4 duty and 1/3 bias. figure 15-3 bleeder resistance selection wit h lcdcr (for 1/ 4 duty and 1/3 bias) vdd vm1 vm2 vlcd frame frequency r lt r lt r lt r lt r lt when lcdcr "10b" r lt r ht r lt r ht r lt r ht r lt r ht r lt r ht when lcdcr = "00b" or "01b" (a) on timing for low bleeder resistance vm2 vm vdd r l r l r l r h r h r h vlc high/low resistance switching signal r h : high resistance r l : low resistance vlc (b) equivalent circuit for bleeder resistance r lt : period during which resistance r l is selected (time specified with lcdcr) r ht : period during which resistance r h is selected (time specified with lcdcr 4 ? time specified with lcdcr)
page 166 15. lcd driver 15.3 lcd display operation TMP86FS23UG 15.3 lcd display operation 15.3.1 display data setting display data is stored to the display data area (addres s 0f80h to 0f8fh,16 bytes) in the dbr. the display data stored in the display data area is automatically r ead out and sent to the lcd driver by the hardware. the lcd driver generates the segment signal and common si gnal according to the displa y data and driving method. therefore, display patterns can be changed by only over writing the contents of display data area by the pro- gram. table 15-4 shows the correspondence between the display data area and seg/com pins. lcd light when display data is ?1? and turn off when ?0?. according to the driving method of lcd, the number of pixels which can be driven becomes different, and the number of bits in the display data area which is used to store display da ta also becomes different. therefore, the bits which are not used to store display data as well as the data buffer which corresponds to the addresses not connected to lcd can be used to store general user process data (see table 15-3). note: ?: this bit is not used for display data 15.3.2 blanking blanking is enabled when lcd cr is cleared to ?0?. to blank the lcd display and turn it off, a gnd-level signal is output to the com pin and the port which can be used as the segment by setting of p*lcr register (*; port no.). at this time, the power switch of vlc pin is turned off. table 15-3 driving method and bit for display data driving methods bit 7/3 bit 6/2 bit 5/1 bit 4/0 1/4 duty com3 com2 com1 com0 1/3 duty ? com2 com1 com0 1/2 duty ? ? com1 com0 static ? ? ? com0 table 15-4 lcd display data area (dbr) address bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 0f80h seg1 seg0 0f81h seg3 seg2 0f82h seg5 seg4 0f83h seg7 seg6 0f84h seg9 seg8 0f85h seg11 seg10 0f86h seg13 seg12 0f87h seg15 seg14 0f88h seg17 seg16 0f89h seg19 seg18 0f8ah seg21 seg20 0f8bh seg23 seg22 0f8ch seg25 seg24 0f8dh seg27 seg26 0f8eh seg29 seg28 0f8fh seg31 seg30 com3 com2 com1 com0 com3 com2 com1 com0
page 167 TMP86FS23UG 15.4 control method of lcd driver 15.4.1 initial setting figure 15-4 shows the flowchart of initialization. figure 15-4 initial se tting of lcd driver 15.4.2 store of display data generally, display data are prepared as fixed data in program memory (rom) and stored in display data area by load command. note:db is a byte data definition instruction. example :to operate a 1/4 duty lcd of 32 segments 4 com-mons at fr ame frequency fc/2 16 [hz], the period of enabling of the low bleeder resistor: 2 8 /fc ld (lcdcr), 00000001b ; sets lcd driving method, the period of enabling of low bleeder resistor and frame frequency. ld (p*lcr), 0ffh ; sets segment output control register. (*; port no.) : : : : ; sets the initial value of display data. ld (lcdcr), 10000001b ; display enable example :(1) to display using 1/4 duty lcd a numerical valu e which corresponds to the lcd data stored in data memory at address 80h (when pins com and seg are connected to lcd as in figure 15-5), display data become as shown in table 15-5. ld a, (80h) add a, table-$-7 ld hl, 0f85h ld w, (pc + a) ld (hl), w ret table: db 11011111b, 00000110b, 11100011b, 10100111b, 00110110b, 10110101b, 11110101b, 00010111b, 11110111b, 10110111b sets lcd driving method (duty). sets frame frequency (slf). selects period of enabling of low resistor (lrse). sets segment output control registers (p*lcr (*; port no.)) initialization of display data area. display enable (edsp) (releases from blanking.)
page 168 15. lcd driver 15.3 lcd display operation TMP86FS23UG figure 15-5 example of com, seg pin connection (1/4 duty) example: (2) table 15-6 shows an example of display data which are displayed using 1/2 duty lcd in the same way as table 15-5. the connection between pins com and seg are the same as shown in figure 15-6. figure 15-6 example of com, seg pin connection table 15-5 example of display data (1/4 duty) no. display display data no. display display data 0 11011111 5 101 10101 1 00000110 6 11110101 2 11100011 7 00000111 3 10100111 8 11110111 4 00110110 9 10110111 seg10 seg11 com0 com1 com2 com3 seg10 seg12 seg11 seg13 com0 com1
page 169 TMP86FS23UG note: *: don?t care 15.4.3 example of lcd driver output figure 15-7 1/4 duty (1/3 bias) drive table 15-6 example of display data (1/2 duty) number display data number display data high order address low order address high order address low order address 0 **01**11 **01**11 5 **11**10 **01**01 1 **00**10 **00**10 6 **11**11 **01**01 2 **10**01 **01**11 7 **01**10 **00**11 3 **10**10 **01**11 8 **11**11 **01**11 4 **11**10 **00**10 9 **11**10 **01**11 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lcd -v lcd v lcd 0 0 -v lcd seg10 seg11 display data area address 0f85 h seg10 edsp seg11 com0 com1 com2 com3 com0-seg10 (selected) com2-seg11 (non selected) 1011 0101 com0 com1 com2 com3
page 170 15. lcd driver 15.3 lcd display operation TMP86FS23UG figure 15-8 1/3 duty (1/3 bias) drive seg12 address *: don?t care seg10 edsp seg11 seg12 com0 com1 com2 com0-seg11 (selected) com1-seg12 (non selected) seg11 seg10 com0 com1 com2 display data area 0f85 h 0f86 h *111 *010 **** *001 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lc 0 v lcd -v lcd v lcd 0 0 -v lcd
page 171 TMP86FS23UG figure 15-9 1/3 duty (1/2 bias) drive seg12 address *: don?t care seg10 edsp seg11 seg12 com0 com1 com2 com0-seg11 (selected) com1-seg12 (non selected) seg11 seg10 com0 com1 com2 display data area 0f85 h 0f86 h *111 *010 **** *001 v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc 0 0 v lcd v lcd -v lcd -v lcd
page 172 15. lcd driver 15.3 lcd display operation TMP86FS23UG figure 15-10 1/2 duty (1/2 bias) drive seg13 address *: don?t care seg10 edsp seg11 seg12 seg13 com0 com1 com0-seg11 (selected) com1-seg12 (non selected) seg10 com0 display data area 0f85 h 0f86 h **01 **01 **11 **10 v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc v dd v lc 0 seg11 seg12 com1 0 v lcd v lcd -v lcd -v lcd
page 173 TMP86FS23UG figure 15-11 static drive seg12 seg17 address 0f85 h seg15 seg14 seg13 seg10 seg11 seg16 com0 v dd v dd vlc v dd vlc v dd v lcd -v lcd v lcd 0 seg10 seg14 seg17 com0 com0-seg10 (selected) com0-seg14 (non selected) 0 edsp 0f86 h 0f87 h 0f88 h ***0 ***1 ***1 ***1 ***1 ***0 ***0 ***1 display data area *: don?t care v lc vlc -v lcd
page 174 15. lcd driver 15.3 lcd display operation TMP86FS23UG
page 175 TMP86FS23UG 16. real-time clock the TMP86FS23UG include a real time counter (rtc). a low-frequency clock can be used to provide a periodic interrupt (0.0625[s],0.125[s],0 .25[s],0.50[s]) at a programm ed interval, implement the clock function. the rtc can be used in the mode in which the low-frequency oscillator is active (except for the sleep0 mode). 16.1 configuration figure 16-1 confi guration of the rtc 16.2 control of the rtc the rtc is controlled by the rtc control register (rtccr). note 1: program the rtccr during low-freque ncy oscillation (when syscr2 = ?1?). for selecting an interrupt genera- tion period, program the rtcsel when the timer is inacti ve (rtcrun = ?0?). during the timer operation, do not change the rtcsel programming at the same moment the timer stops. note 2: the timer automatically stops, and this register is initialized (the timer's binary counter is also initialized) if one of the fol- lowing operations is performed while the timer is active: 1. stopping the low-frequency oscillation (with syscr2 = ?0?) 2. when the TMP86FS23UG are put in stop or sleep0 mode therefore, before activating the timer after releasing fr om stop or sleep0 mode, r eprogram the registers again. note 3: if a read instruction for rtccr is exec uted, undefined value is set to bits 7 to 3. note 4: if break processing is performed on the debugger for the development tool during the time r operation, the timer stops counting (contents of the rtccr isn't altered). when the break is cancelled, processing is restarted from the point at which it was suspended. rtc control register rtccr (0017h) 7654321 0 rtcsel rtcrun (initial value: **** *000) rtcsel interrupt generation period (fs = 32.768 khz) 00: 0.50 [s] 01: 0.25 [s] 10: 0.125 [s] 11: 0.0625 [s] r/w rtcrun rtc control 0: stops and clears the binary counter. 1: starts counting selector rtccr rtcsel interrupt request intrtc binary counter rtcrun 2 14 /fs 2 13 /fs 2 12 /fs 2 11 /fs fs (32.768 khz)
page 176 16. real-time clock 16.3 function TMP86FS23UG 16.3 function the rtc counts up on the internal low-frequency clock. when rtccr is set to ?1?, the binary counter starts counting up. each time the end of the period specified with rtccr is detected, an intrtc interrupt is generated, and the binary counter is cleared. the timer continue s counting up even after the binary counter is cleared.
page 177 TMP86FS23UG 17. multiply-accumulate (mac) unit the TMP86FS23UG includes a multiply-accumulate (mac) unit. the mac unit is capable of executing 16-bit 16-bit multiplications and 16-bit 16-bit + 32-bit multiply-accumu- late operations. the mac unit supports only integer arithmetic, not fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic. both signed and unsigned operations can be performed. the mac unit can only be used in normal1 or normal2 mode. all the registers of the mac unit are initial- ized upon entering a mode other than normal mode. with development tools, if break mode is entered whil e the mac unit is calculating, the calculation is continued but its result is unpredictable. in th is case, the calculation must be re-execu ted after break mode is exited. do not write to the multiplicand register in break mode. when the calculation is co mpleted, it is possible to enter break mode and read the calculati on result in break mode. 17.1 configuration figure 17-1 mac unit 17.2 registers the mac unit consists of the following registers: 17.2.1 command register the command register is used to enable and disable the mac unit, specify the ar ithmetic mode, and clear the result register. table 17-1 registers in the mac unit register address number of bits command register (maccr) 0fa4h 8 bits status register (macsr) 0fa5h 8 bits multiplier data register (mpldrh, mpldrl) 0fa7h, 0fa6h 16 bits multiplicand data register (mpcdrh, mpcdrl) 0fa9h, 0fa8h 16 bits result register (rcaldr4 to rcaldr1) 0faah to 0fadh 32 bits addend register (maddr4 to maddr1) 0faah to 0fadh 32 bits control circuit status register command register arithmetic unit temporary register 2 temporary register 3 result register multiplier register multiplicand register temporary register 1
page 178 17. multiply-accumulate (mac) unit 17.3 control TMP86FS23UG 17.2.2 status register the status register contains flags to indicate the operation status of the mac unit and the calculation result. 17.2.3 multiplier data register the data written to this register is calculated as a multiplier. 17.2.4 multiplicand data register the data written to this register is calculated as a multiplicand. 17.2.5 result register the calculation result is stored in this register. 17.2.6 addend register the data written to this register is calculated as an addend in a multiply-accumu late operation. an addend must be written to this register while calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). 17.3 control note 1: setting rclr to ?1? causes the result, addend, and status registers to be initialized. the multiplier, multiplicand, and com- mand registers remain the same as before. (rclr is automatical ly cleared to ?0? one machine cycle after it is set to ?1?.) note 2: writing to cmod (including an overwrite) makes no c hanges to the status, multiplier, multiplicand, result, and addend re g- isters. note 3: before changing the arithmetic mode, be sure to c heck that calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). note 4: clearing the result register with rclr is possible only when calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). (rclr can - not be set to ?1?during calculation.) note 5: bits 6 to 4 are always read as ?1?. ( ?0? cannot be written.) command register maccr (0fa4h) 76543210 rclr ?1? ?1? ?1? cmod emac (initial value: 0111 0000) rclr result register clear 0: -(keeps the value of the result register.) 1: clears the result register. (this bit is automatically cleared to ?0? one machine cycle after it is set to ?1?.) r/w cmod arithmetic mode 000: unsigned multiply (16 bits 16 bits) 001: unsigned multiply-accumulate (16 bits 16 bits + 32 bits) 010: signed multiply (16 bits 16 bits) 011: signed multiply-accumulate (16 bits 16 bits + 32 bits) 1**: reserved emac mac unit control 0: disables the mac unit. 1: enables the mac unit. status register macsr (0fa5h) 76543210 ?1? ?1? ?1? carf zerf sign ovrf calc (initial value: 1110 0000)
page 179 TMP86FS23UG note 1: the status register is initialized when the result register is cleared (rclr = ?1?). note 2: carf, zerf, sign, and ovrf are programmed at the end of calculation. they are not affected by a read from the status register. note 3: zerf and sign are not affected by a write to the addend register. note 4: in multiply mode, ovrf and carf are always read as ?0?. note 5: bit 7 to 5 are always read as ?1?. note: in signed arithmetic mode, bi t 15 is treated as the sign bit. note 1: in signed arithmetic mode, bit 15 is treated as the sign bit. note 2: calculation can only be started by writing to both the lower byte (mpcdrl) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the mul- tiplicand register in this order. note 3: the multiplicand register can only be programmed when dat a is written in the order of lower byte and upper byte. if data is only written to the upper byte, the written data c annot be read out. (if data is only written to the lower byte, the written data can be read out.) note: in signed arithmetic mode, bit 31 contai ns the sign of the calculation result. carf carry flag 0: no carry occurred in multiply-accumulate operation. 1: carry occurred in multiply-accumulate operation. read only zerf zero flag 0: calculation resulst is other than ?00000000h?. 1: calculation result is ?00000000h?. sign sign flag 0: result register contents are positive or ?00000000h?. 1: result register contents are negative. ovrf overflow flag 0: overflow occurred. 1: no overflow occurred. calc operation status flag 0: calculation not in progress 1: calculation in progress multiplier data register mpldrh, mpldrl (0fa7h, 0fa6h) 1514131211109876543210 mpldrh (0fa7h) mpldrl (0fa6h) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) r/w multiplicand data register mpcdrh, mpcdrl (0fa9h, 0fa8h) 1514131211109876543210 mpcdrh (0fa9h) mpcdrl (0fa8h) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) r/w result register rcaldr4, rcaldr3 (0fadh, 0fach) 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 rcaldr4 (0fadh) rcaldr3 (0fach) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) read only rcaldr2, rcaldr1 (0fabh, 0faah) 1514131211109876543210 rcaldr2 (0fabh) rcaldr1 (0faah) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) read only addend register maddr4, maddr3 (0fadh, 0fach) 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 maddr4 (0fadh) maddr3 (0fach) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) write only maddr2, maddr1 (0fabh, 0faah) 1514131211109876543210 maddr2 (0fabh) maddr1 (0faah) (initial value: 0000 0000 0000 0000) write only
page 180 17. multiply-accumulate (mac) unit 17.4 register description TMP86FS23UG note 1: in signed arithmetic mode, bit 31 is treated as the sign bit. note 2: writing to the addend register changes the contents of the result register. thus, read from the result register before w riting to the addend register. 17.4 register description 17.4.1 emac setting maccr to ?1? enable s the mac unit. once enabled, the mac unit remains enabled until it is disabled. 17.4.2 cmod the maccr is used to specify the arithmetic mode. calculation is started automatically when data is written to both the lower byte (mpcdrl) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the multiplicand register in this orde r. thus, the multiplier register (mpldrh, mpldrl) must be set before the multiplicand register. when calculation is completed, the result is stored in the result register (rcaldr4 to rcaldr1). the arithmetic mode is valid until the cmod field is changed. note that if the operation mode is changed to idle0/1/2, slow1/2, or stop mode, cmod is initialized. during calculation, the next data can be written to the multiplier and multiplicand registers only once. do not write to these registers more than once. whether or not calculation is in progress can be ch ecked by reading the macsr flag. note 1: before changing the arithmetic mode, ensure t hat calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). note 2: writing to the cmod field (including an overwrite) makes no changes to the status, multiplier, multiplicand, result, and addend registers. thus, to clear the stat us, result, and addend registers after a change of the arithmetic mode, set the rclr bit to ?1?. 17.4.3 rclr when calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?), setting maccr to ?1? causes the result, addend, and status registers to be initilized. (the multiplier and multiplicand registers remain the same as before.) rclr is automatically cleared to ?0 ? one machine cycle after it is set to ?1? note:when calculation is in progress (calc = ?1?), rclr cannot be set to ?1?. (the instruction to set it to ?1? is invalid.) as shown in table 17-2, the state of each register changes when: the mac unit is disabled (emac = ?0?); the result register is cleared (rclr = ?1 ?); or the operation mode is changed. note 1: the multiplier, multiplicand, and addend registers can be written to only when the mac unit is enabled (emac = ?1?). note 2: when writing to the multiplicand register, be sure to writ e to the lower byte (mpcdrl) first and then to the upper byte (mpcdrh). note 3: rclr can be written to only when calc ulation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). table 17-2 effects of the emac and rclr bits on the mac registers register emac = ?0? (disable) rclr = ?1? (register clear) idle0/1/2, slow1/2, or stop mode command register (maccr) bits other than emac remain the same as before bits other than rclr remain the same as before. rclr is cleared to ?0? after one machine cycle. initialized status register (macsr) init ialized initialized initialized multiplier data register (mpldrh, mpldrl) initialized remains the same as before initialized multiplicand data register (mpcdrh, mpcdrl) initi alized remains the same as before initialized result register (rcaldr4 to rcald r1) initialized initialized initialized addend register (maddr4 tomaddr1) initialized initialized initialized
page 181 TMP86FS23UG note 4: when the mac unit is enabled (emac = ?1?), if the operation mode is changed to idle0/1/2, slow1/2, or stop mode, the command register (maccr) is initialized and its cont ents are discarded. thus, program the maccr again after each of these operation modes is exited. 17.5 arithmetic modes the following four arithm etic modes are available: 1. unsigned multiply (16 bits 16 bits) 2. signed multiply (16 bits 16 bits) 3. unsigned multiply-accumulate (16 bits 16 bits + 32 bits) 4. signed multiply-accumulate (16 bits 16 bits + 32 bits) 17.5.1 unsigned multiply mode setting the maccr field in the command re gister to ?000b? places the mac unit in unsigned multiply mode. in this mode, the valu es of the multiplier and multiplican d registers are each treated as 16-bit data for calculation. calculation is started automatically by writing a mult iplier to the multiplier register (mpldrh, mpldrl) and then writing a multiplicand to the lower byte (mpc drl) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the multiplicand register in this order. the calculation result is stored as 32-bit data in the result register (rcaldr4 to rcaldr1). (the previous cal culation result is cleared.) 17.5.2 signed multiply mode setting the maccr field in the command regist er to ?010b? places the mac unit in signed mul- tiply mode. in this mode, bit 15 in the multiplier an d multiplicand registers is each treated as the sign bit. calculation is started automatically by writing a mu ltiplier to the multiplier register (mpldrh, mpldrl) and then writing a multiplicand to the lower byte (mpc drl) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the multiplicand register in this order. the calculation result is stored as 32-bit data in the result register (rcaldr4 to rcaldr1). (bit 31 contains the sign, and the previous cal culation result is cleared.) the sign of the calcula- tion result varies depending on the signs of the multiplier and multiplicand, as shown in table 17-3. 17.5.3 unsigned multiply-accumulate mode setting the maccr field in the command re gister to ?001b? places the mac unit in unsigned multiply-accumulate mode. in this mode, the values of the multiplier and multiplicand registers are each treated as 16-bit data for calculation. calculation is started automatically by writing a mult iplier to the multiplier register (mpldrh, mpldrl) and then writing a multiplicand to the lower byte (mpcdrh) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the multiplicand register in this order. first, the multiplier and multipli cand are multiplied. then, the contents of the addend reg- ister are added to the product. the sum is stor ed as 32-bit data in the result register. in unsigned multiply-accumulate mode , any addend can be written to the addend register when calculation is not being performed. if, for example, a b is executed after arbitrary data c is written to the addend register, the result of a b + c is stored in the result register (r caldr4 to rcaldr1). setting the rclr bit to ?1? table 17-3 signs used in singed multiply mode sign of multiplier sign of multip licand sign of calculation result 000 011 101 110
page 182 17. multiply-accumulate (mac) unit 17.6 status flags TMP86FS23UG causes the result and addend registers to be cleared. afte r calculation is completed, the contents of the result register are automatically stored in the addend register. thus, if the conten ts of the addend register are not changed, the result of the previous multiply-accumulate op eration is used as an addend for the next calculation. note 1: be sure to write to the addend register when calculation is not being performed (calc = ?0?). note 2: writing to the addend register changes the contents of the result register. thus, read from the result register before writing to the addend register. 17.5.4 signed multiply-accumulate mode setting the maccr field in th e command register to ?011b? places the mac unit in signed mul- tiply-accumulate mode. in this mode, bit 15 in the mul tiplier and multiplicand regist er is each treated as the sign bit. calculation is started automatically by writing a mult iplier to the multiplier register (mpldrh, mpldrl) and then writing a multiplicand to the lower byte (mpc drl) and upper byte (mpcdrh) of the multiplicand register in this order. first, the multiplicand and mult iplicand are multiplied. then, the contents of the addend register are added to the product. the sum is stored as signed 32-bit data in the result register (rcaldr4 to rcaldr1). the sign of the result varies as shown in table 17-4. as in th e case of unsigned multiply-accumu- late mode, any addend can be written to the addend register when calculation is not being performed. note: in signed multiply-accumulate mode, bit 31 in the addend register is treated as the sign bit. 17.5.5 valid numerical ranges table 17-5 shows the numerical range that can be handled in each arithmetic mode. 17.6 status flags the status register macsr contains the following five flags. ovrf, carf, sign, and zerf are programmed when calculation is completed, and these flags are not affected by a read from the status register. 1. operation status flag (calc) 2. overflow flag (ovrf) 3. carry flag (carf) 4. sign flag (sign) 5. zero flag (zerf) table 17-4 signs used in sg ined multiply-accumulate mode sign of product sign of addend sign (bit 31) of calculation result when ovrf = ?0? when ovrf = ?1? 00 0 1 01 ?1? when sum < 0 ?0? when sum 0 ? 10 ?1? when sum < 0 ?0? when sum 0 ? 11 1 0 table 17-5 valid numerical ranges in de cimal (with hexadecimal shown in brackets) mode multiplier/multiplicand addend sum unsigned multiply 0 to 65535 (0000h to ffffh) ? 0 to 4294836225 (00000000h to fffe0001h) signed multiply -32768 to 32767 (8000h to 7fffh) ? -1073709056 to 1073741824 (c0008000h to 40000000h) unsigned multiply- accumulate 0 to 65535 (0000h to ffffh) 0 to 4294967295 (00000000h to ffffffffh) 0 to 4294967295 (00000000h to ffffffffh) signed multiply- accumulate -32768 to 32767 (8000h to 7fffh) -2147483648 to 2147483647 (80000000h to 7fffffffh) -2147483648 to 2147483647 (80000000h~7fffffffh)
page 183 TMP86FS23UG 17.6.1 operation st atus flag (calc) calc indicates the status of the mac unit. it is set to "1" when calcula tion is in progress and "0" when cal- culation is not in progress. 17.6.2 overflow flag (ovrf) ovrf is set to ?1? if the sum of positive values is nega tive or the sum of negative values is positive in signed multiply-accumulate mode. in othe r cases, it is cleared to ?0?. note:in multiply mode, ovrf is always read as "0". 17.6.3 carry flag (carf) carf is set to ?1? if a carry occurs in the highest-order bi t (bit 31) in a multiply -accumulate operation. in other cases, it is cleared to "0". note: in multiply mode, carf is always read as "0". 17.6.4 sign flag (sign) sign contains the same data as the highest-order bit (bit 31) of the cal culation result (regar dless of whether calculation is performed in signed or unsigned mode). note:sign is programmed by the calculation result. this flag is not affected by a write to the addend register. 17.6.5 zero flag (zerf) zerf is set to ?1? if the result register contains ?00000000h? . in other cases, it is cleared to ?0?. it is also set to ?1? if the result register contains ?00000 000h? after an overflow or carry has occurred. note:zerf is programmed by the calculation result. this flag is not affected by a write to the addend register. 17.7 example of software processing the following shows an example of calculating x = x + y + z. the calculation time is 3 s when fc = 8 mhz. the multiplier and multiplicand are separately stored in da ta ram. the w and a registers are used as general-pur- pose registers. the general-purpose re gisters are not saved on the stack. the processing for enabling/disabling the mac unit is not included. note 1: if the operation mode is changed by processing an interrupt during calculation, the correct calculation result may not be obtained. thus, before starting calculation, be sure to execute the di instructi on to disable interrupts. note 2: before reading the result register after calculation is started, check that the calc flag in the macsr register is "0" or wait for at least three machine cycles (e.g. nop x 3). instruction processing time di (disables interrupts.) ld wa, (ram_multiplier ) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpldrl), wa ; multiplier register 6 cycles/3 s ld wa, (ram_multiplier x) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpcdrl), wa ; multiplicand register 6 cycles/3 s ; the next data can be written in succession.
page 184 17. multiply-accumulate (mac) unit 17.7 example of software processing TMP86FS23UG ld wa, (ram_multiplier ) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpldrl), wa ; multiplier register 6 cycles/3 s ld wa, (ram_multiplicand z) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpcdrl), wa ; multiplicand register 6 cycles/3 s ; the first calculation is already completed. thus, the next data can be written. ld wa, (ram_multiplier y) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpldrl), wa ; multiplier register 6 cycles/3 s ld wa, (ram_multiplicand z) 6 cycles/3 s ld (mpcdrl), wa ; multiplicand register 6 cycles/3 s nop ; wait three machine cycles or longer. nop ; (note 2) nop ld wa, (rcaldr1) ; low-order part of the result register 6 cycles/3 s ld (ram_low-order part of result x), wa 6 cycles/3 s ld wa, (rcaldr3) ; high-order part of the result register 6 cycles/3 s ld (ram_high-order part of result x), wa 6 cycles/3 s ei (enables interrupts.) processing time 51 ms 6 cycles/3 s ret 6 cycles/3 s total processing time 57 s
page 185 TMP86FS23UG 18. flash memory TMP86FS23UG has 61440byte flash memory (address: 1000h to ffffh). the write and erase operations to the flash memory are controlled in th e following three types of mode. - mcu mode the flash memory is accessed by the cpu control in the mcu mode. this mode is used for software bug correction and firmware change after shipment of the device since the write operation to the flash memory is available by retaining the application behavior. - serial prom mode the flash memory is accessed by the cpu control in th e serial prom mode. use of the serial interface (uart) enables the flash memory to be controlled by the small number of pins. TMP86FS23UG in the serial prom mode supports on-board programming wh ich enables users to prog ram flash memory after the microcontroller is mounted on a user board. - parallel prom mode the parallel prom mode allows the flash memory to be accessed as a stand-alone flash memory by the program writer provided by the third party. high-speed access to th e flash memory is available by control- ling address and data signals directly. for the suppor t of the program writer, please ask toshiba sales rep- resentative. in the mcu and serial prom modes, the flash memory c ontrol register (flscr) is used for flash memory con- trol. this chapter describes how to acce ss the flash memory using the flash memo ry control register (flscr) in the mcu and serial prom modes.
page 186 18. flash memory 18.1 flash memory control TMP86FS23UG 18.1 flash memory control the flash memory is controlled via the flash memory control register (flscr) and flash memory stanby control resister (flsstb). note 1: the command sequence of the flash me mory can be executed only when flsmd=" 0011b". in other cases, any attempts to execute the command sequence are ineffective. note 2: flsmd must be set to either "1100b" or "0011b". note 3: banksel is effective only in the serial prom mode. in t he mcu mode, the flash memory is always accessed with actual addresses (1000-ffffh) regardless of banksel. note 4: bits 2 through 0 in flscr are always read as don?t care. note 1: when fstb is set to 1, do not execute the read/write in struction to the flash memory bec ause there is a possibility that the expected data is not read or the program is not operated correctl y. if executing the read/write instruction, fstb is initial- ized to 0 automatically. note 2: if an interrupt is issued when fstb is set to 1, fstb is initialized to 0 automatically and then the vector area of the flash memory is read. note 3: if the idle0/1/2, sleep0/1/2 or stop mode is activated when fstb is set to 1, fstb is initialized to 0 automatically. in the idle0/1/2, sleep0/1/2 or stop mode, the standby function operates regardless of fstb setting. 18.1.1 flash memory command sequenc e execution control (flscr) the flash memory can be protected fr om inadvertent write due to program error or microcontroller misoper- ation. this write protection feature is realized by disabling flash memo ry command sequence execution via the flash memory control register (write protect). to enable command sequence execution, set flscr to ?0011b?. to disable comman d sequence execution, set flscr to ?1100b?. after reset, flscr is initialized to ?1100b? to disable command sequence execution. normally, flscr should be set to ?1100b? except when the flash memory needs to be written or erased. 18.1.2 flash memory bank se lect control (flscr) in the serial prom mode, a 2-kbyte bootrom is ma pped to addresses 7800h-7fffh and the flash mem- ory is mapped to 2 banks at 8000h-ffffh. flash memory addresses 1000h-7fffh are mapped to 9000h- ffffh as bank0, and flash memory addresses 800 0h-ffffh are mapped to 8000h-ffffh as bank1. flscr is used to switch between these banks . for example, to access the flash memory address 7000h, set flscr to ?0? and then access f0 00h. to access the flash memory address 9000h, set flscr to ?1 " and then access 9000h. in the mcu mode, the flash memory is accessed with actual addresses at 1000h-ffffh. in this case, flscr is ineffective (i.e., its value has no effect on other operations). flash memory control register flscr76543210 (0fffh) flsmd banksel (initial value : 1100 1***) flsmd flash memory command sequence exe- cution control 1100: disable command sequence execution 0011: enable command sequence execution others: reserved r/w banksel flash memory bank select control (serial prom mode only) 0: select bank0 1: select bank1 r/w flash memory standby control register flsstb76543210 (0fe9h) fstb (initial value : **** ***0) fstb flash memory standby control 0: disable the standby function. 1: enable the standby function. write only
page 187 TMP86FS23UG 18.1.3 flash memory stan dby control (flsstb) low power consumption is enabled by cutting off the steady-state current of the flash memory. in the idle0/1/2, sleep0/1/2 or stop mode, th e steady-state current of the flas h memory is cut off automatically. when the program is executed in the ram area (with out accessing the flash me mory) in the normal 1/2 or slow1/2 mode, the current can be cut off by the contro l of the register. to cut off the steady-state current of the flash memory, set flsstb to ?1? by the c ontrol program in the ram area. the procedures for controlling the flsstb regi ster are explained below. (steps1 and 2 are controlled by the program in the flash memory, and steps 3 through 8 are controlled by the write control program ex ecuted in the ram area.) 1. transfer the control program of th e flsstb register to the ram area. 2. jump to the ram area. 3. disable (di) the interrupt mast er enable flag (imf = ?0?). 4. set flsstb to ?1?. 5. execute the user program. 6. repeat step 5 until the return requ est to the flash memory is detected. 7. set flsstb to ?0?. 8. jump to the flash memory area. note 1: the standby function is not operated by setting fl sstb with the program in the flash memory. you must set flsstb by the program in the ram area. note 2: to use the standby function by setting flsstb to ?1? with the program in the ram area, flsstb must be set to ?0? by the program in the ram area before returning the program control to the flash memory. if the program control is returned to the flash memory with flsstb set to ?1?, the program may misoperate and run out of control. table 18-1 flash memory access operating mode flscr access area specified address mcu mode don?t care 1000h-ffffh serial prom mode 0 (bank0) 1000h-7fffh 9000h-ffffh 1 (bank1) 8000h-ffffh
page 188 18. flash memory 18.2 command sequence TMP86FS23UG 18.2 command sequence the command sequence in the mcu and the serial prom modes consists of six commands (jedec compatible), as shown in table 18-2. addresses specified in the command sequence are recogni zed with the lower 12 bits (excluding ba, sa, and ff7fh used for read protection). the upper 4 bits are used to specify the flash memory area, as shown in table 18-3. note 1: set the address and data to be written. note 2: the area to be erased is specified with the upper 4 bits of the address. 18.2.1 byte program this command writes the fl ash memory for each byte unit. the addresse s and data to be written are specified in the 4th bus write cycle. each byte can be programmed in a maximum of 40 s. the next command sequence cannot be executed until the write operation is completed. to check the completion of the write operation, per- form read operations repeat edly until the same data is read twice fr om the same address in the flash memory. during the write operation, any consecutive attempts to r ead from the same address is reversed bit 6 of the data (toggling between 0 and 1). note:to rewrite data to flash memory addresses at which dat a (including ffh) is already written, make sure to erase the existing data by "sector erase" or "chip erase" before rewriting data. 18.2.2 sector erase (4-kbyte erase) this command erases the flash memory in units of 4 k bytes. the flash memory area to be erased is specified by the upper 4 bits of the 6th bus write cycle address. for example, in the mcu mode, to erase 4 kbytes from 7000h to 7fffh, specify one of the addresses in 7000h-7fffh as the 6th bus write cycle. in the serial prom mode, to erase 4 kbytes from 7000h to 7fffh, set flscr to "0" and then specify one of the addresses in f000h-ffffh as the 6th bus write cycle. the sector erase command is effective only in the mcu and serial prom modes, and it cannot be used in the parallel prom mode. table 18-2 command sequence command sequence 1st bus write cycle 2nd bus write cycle 3rd bus write cycle 4th bus write cycle 5th bus write cycle 6th bus write cycle address data address data address data address data address data address data 1 byte program 555h aah aaah 55h 555h a0h ba (note 1) data (note 1) ---- 2 sector erase (4-kbyte erase) 555h aah aaah 55h 555h 80h 555h aah aaah 55h sa (note 2) 30h 3 chip erase (all erase) 555h aah aaah 55h 555h 80h 555h aah aaah 55h 555h 10h 4product id entry555haahaaah55h555h90h------ 5 product id exitxxhf0h---------- product id exit555haahaaah55h555hf0h------ 6read protect555haahaaah55h555ha5hff7fh00h---- table 18-3 address specification in the command sequence operating mode flscr specified address mcu mode don?t care 1***h-f***h serial prom mode 0 (bank0) 9***h-f***h 1 (bank1) 8***h-f***h
page 189 TMP86FS23UG a maximum of 30 ms is required to erase 4 kbytes. the next command sequence cannot be executed until the erase operation is completed. to check the completion of the erase operation, perf orm read operations repeat- edly for data polling until the same data is read twice from the same address in the flash memory. during the erase operation, any consecutive attempts to read from the same address is reversed bit 6 of the data (toggling between 0 and 1). 18.2.3 chip erase (all erase) this command erases the entire flash memory in appr oximately 30 ms. the next command sequence cannot be executed until the erase operation is completed. to check the completio n of the erase operation, perform read operations repeatedly for data polling until the same data is read twice from the same address in the flash memory. during the erase operation, any consecutive attemp ts to read from the same address is reversed bit 6 of the data (toggling between 0 and 1). after the chip is erased, all bytes contain ffh. 18.2.4 product id entry this command activates the product id mode. in the product id mode, the vendor id, the flash id, and the read protection status can be read from the flash memory. note: the value at address f002h (flash size) depends on the size of flash memory incorporated in each product. for example, if the product has 60-kbyte flash memory, "0eh" is read from address f002h. 18.2.5 product id exit this command is used to exit the product id mode. 18.2.6 read protect this command enables the r ead protection setting in the flash memory . when the read protection is enabled, the flash memory cannot be read in the parallel prom mode. in the seri al prom mode, the flash write and ram loader commands cannot be executed. to enable the read protection set ting in the serial prom mode, set flscr to "1" before exe- cuting the read protect comman d sequence. to disable the read protection setting, it is necessary to execute the chip erase command sequence. whethe r or not the read protection is en abled can be checked by reading ff7fh in the product id mode. for details, see table 18-4. table 18-4 values to be read in the product id mode address meaning read value f000h vendor id 98h f001h flash macro id 41h f002h flash size 0eh: 60 kbytes 0bh: 48 kbytes 07h: 32 kbytes 05h: 24 kbytes 03h: 16 kbytes 01h: 8 kbytes 00h: 4 kbytes ff7fh read protection status ffh: read protection disabled other than ffh: read protection enabled
page 190 18. flash memory 18.3 toggle bit (d6) TMP86FS23UG it takes a maximum of 40 s to set read protection in the flash memory. the next command sequence cannot be executed until this operation is completed. to check the completion of the read protect operation, perform read operations repeatedly for data polling until the same data is read twice from the same address in the flash memory. during the read protect operation, any attempts to read from the same address is reversed bit 6 of the data (toggling between 0 and 1). 18.3 toggle bit (d6) after the byte program, chip erase, and read protect command sequence is executed, any consecutive attempts to read from the same address is reversed bit 6 (d6) of the data (toggling between 0 and 1) until the operation is com- pleted. therefore, this toggle bit provides a software mechanism to check the completion of each operation. usually perform read operations repeatedly for data polling until th e same data is read twice from the same address in the flash memory. after the byte program, chip erase, or read protect command sequence is executed, the initial read of the toggle bit always produces a "1".
page 191 TMP86FS23UG 18.4 access to the flash memory area when the write, erase and read protect ions are set in the flash memory, read and fetch operations cannot be per- formed in the entire flash memory area. therefore, to perform these operations in the entire flash memory area, access to the flash memory area by the control program in the bootrom or ram area. (the flash memory pro- gram cannot write to the flash memory.) the serial prom or mcu mode is used to run the control program in the bootrom or ram area. note 1: the flash memory can be written or read for each by te unit. erase operations can be performed either in the entire area or in units of 4 kbytes, whereas read operations can be performed by an one transfer instruction. however, the command sequence method is adopted for write and erase operations, requiring several-byte transfer instruc- tions for each operation. note 2: to rewrite data to flash memory addresses at which data (including ffh) is already written, make sure to erase the existing data by "sector erase" or "chip erase" before rewriting data. 18.4.1 flash memory contro l in the serial prom mode the serial prom mode is used to access to the fl ash memory by the contro l program provided in the bootrom area. since almost of all op erations relating to access to the flash memory can be controlled sim- ply by the communication data of th e serial interface (uart), these functio ns are transparent to the user. for the details of the serial prom mode, see ?serial prom mode.? to access to the flash memory by using peripheral func tions in the serial prom mode, run the ram loader command to execute the control prog ram in the ram area. the procedures to execute the control program in the ram area is shown in " 18.4.1.1 how to write to the flash memory by executing the control program in the ram area (in the ram loader mode within the serial prom mode) ". 18.4.1.1 how to write to the flash memory by executing the control program in the ram area (in the ram loader mode within the serial prom mode) (steps 1 and 2 are controlled by the bootrom, and steps 3 through 10 are controlled by the control program executed in the ram area.) 1. transfer the write control program to the ram area in the ram loader mode. 2. jump to the ram area. 3. disable (di) the interrup t master enable flag (imf "0"). 4. set flscr to "0011b" (to enable command sequence execution). 5. execute the erase command sequence. 6. read the same flash memory address twice. (repeat step 6 until the same data is re ad by two consecutive reads operations.) 7. specify the bank to be written in flscr. 8. execute the write command sequence. 9. read the same flash memory address twice. (repeat step 9 until the same data is read by two consecutive reads operations.) 10. set flscr to "1100b" (to disable command sequence execution). note 1: before writing to the flash memory in the ram area, disable interrupts by setting the interrupt master enable flag (imf) to "0". usually disable interrupts by executing the di instruction at the head of the write control program in the ram area. note 2: since the watchdog timer is disabled by the boot rom in the ram loader mode, it is not required to disable the watchdog timer by the ram loader program.
page 192 18. flash memory 18.4 access to the flash memory area TMP86FS23UG example :after chip erasure, the program in the ram area writ es data 3fh to address f000h. di : disable interrupts (imf "0") ld (flscr),0011_1000b : enable command sequence execution. ld ix,0f555h ld iy,0faaah ld hl,0f000h ; #### flash memory chip erase process #### ld (ix),0aah : 1st bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 2nd bus write cycle ld (ix),80h : 3rd bus write cycle ld (ix),0aah : 4th bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 5th bus write cycle ld (ix),10h : 6th bus write cycle sloop1: ld w,(ix) cmp w,(ix) jr nz,sloop1 : loop until the same value is read. set (flscr).3 : set bank1. ; #### flash memory write process #### ld (ix),0aah : 1st bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 2nd bus write cycle ld (ix),0a0h : 3rd bus write cycle ld (hl),3fh : 4th bus write cycle, (f000h)=3fh sloop2: ld w,(hl) cmp w,(hl) jr nz,sloop2 : loop until the same value is read. ld (flscr),1100_1000b : disable command sequence execution. sloop3: jp sloop3
page 193 TMP86FS23UG 18.4.2 flash memory c ontrol in the mcu mode in the mcu mode, write operations are performed by executing the control program in the ram area. before execution of the control pr ogram, copy the control program into the ram area or obtain it from the external using the communication pin. the procedures to execute the cont rol program in the ram area in the mcu mode are described below. 18.4.2.1 how to write to the flash memory by executing a user write control program in the ram area (in the mcu mode) (steps 1 and 2 are controlled by the program in the flash memory, and steps 3 through 11 are controlled by the control program in the ram area.) 1. transfer the write contro l program to the ram area. 2. jump to the ram area. 3. disable (di) the interrup t master enable flag (imf "0"). 4. disable the watchdog timer, if it is used. 5. set flscr to "0011b" (to enable command sequence execution). 6. execute the erase command sequence. 7. read the same flash memory address twice. (repeat step 7 until the same data is read by two consecutive read operations.) 8. execute the write command sequence. (it is no t required to specify the bank to be written.) 9. read the same flash memory address twice. (repeat step 9 until the same data is read by two consecutive read operations.) 10. set flscr to "1100b" (to disable command sequence execution). 11. jump to the flash memory area. note 1: before writing to the flash memory in the ram area, disable interrupts by setting the interrupt master enable flag (imf) to "0". usually disable interrupts by executing the di instruction at the head of the write control program in the ram area. note 2: when writing to the flash memory, do not in tentionally use non-maskable interrupts (the watchdog timer must be disabled if it is used). if a non-mask able interrupt occurs while the flash memory is being written, unexpected data is read from the flash memory (interrupt vector), resulting in malfunc- tion of the microcontroller.
page 194 18. flash memory 18.4 access to the flash memory area TMP86FS23UG example :after sector eras ure (e000h-efffh), the program in the ram area writes data 3fh to address e000h. di : disable interrupts (imf "0") ld (wdtcr2),4eh : clear the wdt binary counter. ldw (wdtcr1),0b101h : disable the wdt. ld (flscr),0011_1000b : enable command sequence execution. ld ix,0f555h ld iy,0faaah ld hl,0e000h ; #### flash memory sector erase process #### ld (ix),0aah : 1st bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 2nd bus write cycle ld (ix),80h : 3rd bus write cycle ld (ix),0aah : 4th bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 5th bus write cycle ld (hl),30h : 6th bus write cycle sloop1: ld w,(ix) cmp w,(ix) jr nz,sloop1 : loop until the same value is read. ; #### flash memory write process #### ld (ix),0aah : 1st bus write cycle ld (iy),55h : 2nd bus write cycle ld (ix),0a0h : 3rd bus write cycle ld (hl),3fh : 4th bus write cycle, (1000h)=3fh sloop2: ld w,(hl) cmp w,(hl) jr nz,sloop2 : loop until the same value is read. ld (flscr),1100_1000b : disable command sequence execution. jp xxxxh : jump to the flash memory area. example :this write control program reads data from address f000h and stores it to 98h in the ram area. ld a,(0f000h) : read data from address f000h. ld (98h),a : store data to address 98h.
page 195 TMP86FS23UG 19. serial prom mode 19.1 outline the TMP86FS23UG has a 2048 byte bootrom (mask rom) for programming to flash memory. the bootrom is available in the serial prom mode, and controlled by test, boot and reset pins. communica- tion is performed via uart. the serial prom mode ha s seven types of operating mode: flash memory writing, ram loader, flash memory sum output, product id code output, flash memory status output, flash memory eras- ing and flash memory read protection setting. memory addr ess mapping in the serial pr om mode differs from that in the mcu mode. figure 19-1 shows memory address mapping in the serial prom mode. note: though included in above operating range, some of high fr equencies are not supported in the serial prom mode. for details, refer to ?table 19-5?. 19.2 memory mapping the figure 19-1 shows memory mapping in the serial prom mode and mcu mode. in the serial prom mode, the bootrom (mask rom) is mapped in addresses from 7800h to 7fffh. the flash memory is divided into two banks for mapping. therefore, when the ram loader mode (60h) is used, it is required to specify the flash memory address acco rding to figure 19-1 (for detail of ba nks and control register, refer to the chapter of ?flash memo ry control register?.) figure 19-1 memory address maps table 19-1 operating range in the serial prom mode parameter min max unit power supply 4.5 5.5 v high frequency (note) 2 16 mhz to use the flash memory writing command (30h), specify th e flash memory addresses fr om 1000h to ffffh, that is the same addresses in the mcu mode, because the bootrom changes the flash memory address. 003fh 0000h 64 bytes 2048 bytes 0040h 0fffh 7800h 7fffh 8000h 8000h 7fffh ffffh ffffh sfr ram dbr sfr ram dbr bootrom flash memory serial prom mode mcu mode 9000h 28672 bytes (bank0) 32768 bytes (bank1) 61440 bytes 003fh 0000h 64 bytes 0040h 0fffh 1000h flash memory 2048 bytes 128 bytes 128 bytes 083fh 0f80h 0f80h 2048 bytes 083fh
page 196 19. serial prom mode 19.3 serial prom mode setting TMP86FS23UG 19.3 serial prom mode setting 19.3.1 serial prom mode control pins to execute on-board programming, act ivate the serial prom mode. table 19-2 shows pin setting to activate the serial prom mode. note: the boot pin is shared with the uart communication pin (rxd pin) in the serial prom m ode. this pin is used as uart communication pin after activating serial prom mode 19.3.2 pin function in the serial prom mode, txd (p11) and rxd (p10) are used as a serial interface pin. note 1: during on-board programming with other parts mounted on a user board, be careful no to affect these communication control pins. note 2: operating range of high frequency in serial prom mode is 2 mhz to 16 mhz. table 19-2 serial prom mode setting pin setting test pin high boot/rxd pin high reset pin table 19-3 pin function in the serial prom mode pin name (serial prom mode) input/ output function pin name (mcu mode) txd output serial data output (note 1) p11 boot/rxd input/input serial prom mode control/serial data input p10 reset input serial prom mode control reset test input fixed to high test vdd, avdd power supply 4.5 to 5.5 v vss power supply 0 v varef power supply leave open or apply input reference voltage. i/o (output) ports except p11, p10 i/o (output) these ports are in the high-impedance state in the serial prom mode. the input level is fixed to the port inputs with a hardware feature to prevent overlap current. (the port inputs are invalid.) to make the port inputs valid, set the pin of the spcr register to ?1? by the ram loader control pro- gram. com3 to com0 output low output in the serial prom mode vlc power supply connect to gnd or apply lcd drive voltage. xin input self-oscillate with an oscillator. (note 2) xout output
page 197 TMP86FS23UG figure 19-2 serial prom mode pin setting note 1: for connection of other pins, refer to " t able 19-3 pin function in the serial prom mode ". 19.3.3 example connection for on-board writing figure 19-3 shows an example connection to perform on-board wring. figure 19-3 example conn ection for on-board writing note 1: when other parts on the application board effect th e uart communication in the serial prom mode, iso- late these pins by a jumper or switch. note 2: when the reset control circuit on the application board effect s activation of the serial prom mode, isolate the pin by a jumper or switch. note 3: for connection of other pins, refer to " t able 19-3 pin function in the serial prom mode ". vdd(4.5 v to 5.5 v) serial prom mode mcu mode vdd test reset external control pull-up xin xout vss gnd boot / rxd (p10) txd (p11) TMP86FS23UG vdd(4.5 v to 5.5 v) serial prom mode mcu mode vdd test reset pc control pull-up level converter xin xout vss gnd external control board application board rc power-on reset circuit reset control other parts (note 1) (note 2) boot / rxd (p10) txd (p11)
page 198 19. serial prom mode 19.3 serial prom mode setting TMP86FS23UG 19.3.4 activating t he serial prom mode the following is a procedure to ac tivate the serial prom mode. " figure 19-4 serial prom mode timing " shows a serial prom mode timing. 1. supply power to the vdd pin. 2. set the reset pin to low. 3. set the test pin and boot/rxd pins to high. 4. wait until the power supply and clock oscillation stabilize. 5. set the reset pin to high. 6. input the matching data (5ah) to the boot/rxd pin after setup sequence. for details of the setup timing, refer to " 19.16 uart timing ". figure 19-4 serial prom mode timing vdd test(input) reset(input) program setup time for serial prom mode (rxsup) high level setting matching data don't care reset mode serial prom mode input boot/rxd (input)
page 199 TMP86FS23UG 19.4 interface specifications for uart the following shows the uart communication format used in the serial prom mode. to perform on-board programming, the communication format of the write controller must also be set in the same manner. the default baud rate is 9600 bps regardless of operating frequency of the microcontroller. the baud rate can be modified by transmitting the baud rate modification da ta shown in table 1-4 to TMP86FS23UG. the table 19-5 shows an operating frequency and baud rate. the frequencies which are not described in table 19-5 can not be used. - baud rate (default): 9600 bps - data length: 8 bits - parity addition: none - stop bit: 1 bit table 19-4 baud rate modification data baud rate modification data 04h 05h 06h 07h 0ah 18h 28h baud rate (bps) 76800 62500 57600 38400 31250 19200 9600
page 200 19. serial prom mode 19.4 interface specifications for uart TMP86FS23UG note 1: ?ref. frequency? and ?rating? show frequencies availabl e in the serial prom mode. though the frequency is supported in the serial prom mode, the serial prom mode may not be activated correctly due to the frequency difference in the external controller (such as pers onal computer) and oscillator, and load capacitance of communication pins. note 2: it is recommended that the total frequency difference is within 3% so that auto detection is performed correctly by the ref- erence frequency. note 3: the external controller must transmit the matching dat a (5ah) repeatedly till the auto detection of baud rate is perform ed. this number indicates the number of times t he matching data is transmitted for each frequency. table 19-5 operating frequency and baud rate in the serial prom mode (note 3) reference baud rate (bps) 76800 62500 57600 38400 31250 19200 9600 baud rate modification data 04h 05h 06h 07h 0ah 18h 28h ref. fre- quency (mhz) rating (mhz) baud rate (bps) (%)(bps)(%)(bps)(%)(bps)(%)(bps)(%)(bps)(%)(bps)(%) 1 21.91 to 2.10------------9615+0.16 2 43.82 to 4.19--------312500.0019231+0.169615+0.16 4.193.82 to 4.19--------32734+4.7520144+4.921 0072 +4.92 3 4.91524.70 to 5.16------ 38400 0.00 - - 19200 0.00 9600 0.00 54.70 to 5.16------ 39063 +1.73 - - 19531 +1.73 9766 +1.73 4 65.87 to 6.45------------9375-2.34 6.1445.87 to 6.45------------96000.00 5 7.3728 7.05 to 7.74 - - - 57600 0.00 - - - - 19200 0.00 9600 0.00 6 8 7.64 to 8.39 - - 62500 0.00 - - 38462 +0.16 31250 0.00 19231 +0.16 9615 +0.16 7 9.8304 9.40 to 10.32 76800 0.00 ---- 38400 0.00 - - 19200 0.00 9600 0.00 10 9.40 to 10.32 78125 +1.73 ---- 39063 +1.73 - - 19531 +1.73 9766 +1.73 8 12 11.75 to 12.90 - - - - 57692 +0.16 - - 31250 0.00 18750 -2.34 9375 -2.34 12.288 11.75 to 12.90 - - - - 59077 +2.56 - - 32000 +2.40 19200 0.00 9600 0.00 12.5 11.75 to 12.90 - - 60096 -3.85 60096 +4.33 - - 30048 -3.85 19531 +1.73 9766 +1.73 9 14.7456 14.10 to 15.48 - - - - 57600 0.00 38400 0.00 - - 19200 0.00 9600 0.00 10 16 15.27 to 16.77 76923 +0.16 62500 0.00 - - 38462 +0.16 31250 0.00 19231 +0.16 9615 +0.16
page 201 TMP86FS23UG 19.5 operation command the eight commands shown in table 19-6 are used in the serial prom mode. after reset release, the TMP86FS23UG waits for the matching data (5ah). 19.6 operation mode the serial prom mode has seven types of modes, that are (1) flash memory erasin g, (2) flash memory writing, (3) ram loader, (4) flash memory sum output, (5) product id code output, (6) flash memory status output and (7) flash memory read protection setting modes. description of each mode is shown below. 1. flash memory erasing mode the flash memory is erased by the chip erase (erasing an entire flash area) or sector erase (erasing sectors in 4-kbyte units). the erased area is filled with ffh. when the read protection is enabled, the sector erase in the flash erasing mode can not be performed. to disabl e the read protection, perfor m the chip erase. before erasing the flash memory, TMP86FS23UG checks the pa sswords except a blank produ ct. if the password is not matched, the flash memory erasing mode is not activated. 2. flash memory writing mode data is written to the specified flas h memory address for each byte unit. the external controller must trans- mit the write data in the intel hex format (binary). if no error is encountered till the end record, TMP86FS23UG calculates the checksum for the entire flash memory area (1000h to ffffh), and returns the obtained result to the external controller. when the read protection is enabled, the flash memory writing mode is not activated. in this case, perform the chip erase command beforehand in the flash memory eras- ing mode. before activating the flash memory wri ting mode, TMP86FS23UG check s the password except a blank product. if the password is not matched, flash memory writing mode is not activated. 3. ram loader mode the ram loader transfers the data in intel hex format sent from the external controller to the internal ram. when the transfer is completed normally, the ram loader calculates the checksum. after transmit- ting the results, the ram loader jump s to the ram address specified with the first data record in order to execute the user program. when the read protection is enabled, the ram loader mode is not activated. in this case, perform the chip erase beforehand in the fl ash memory erasing mode. before activating the ram loader mode, TMP86FS23UG checks the password except a blank product. if the password is not matched, flash ram loader mode is not activated. 4. flash memory sum output mode the checksum is calculated for the entire flash memory area (1000h to ffffh), and the result is returned to the external controller. since the bootrom does not support the oper ation command to read the flash memory, use this checksum to identify programs when managing revisions of application programs. 5. product id code output the code used to identify the product is output. the code to be output consists of 13-byte data, which includes the information indicating th e area of the rom incorporated in the product. the external control- ler reads this code, and recognizes the product to write. (in the case of TMP86FS23UG, the addresses from 1000h to ffffh become the rom area.) table 19-6 operation command in the serial prom mode command data operating mode description 5ah setup matching data. execute this command after releasing the reset. f0h flash memory erasing erases the flas h memory area (address 1000h to ffffh). 30h flash memory writing writes to the flash memory area (address 1000h to ffffh). 60h ram loader writes to the specified ram area (address 0050h to 083fh). 90h flash memory sum output outputs the 2-byte checksum upper byte and lower byte in this order for the entire area of the flash memory (address 1000h to ffffh). c0h product id code output outputs the product id code (13-byte data). c3h flash memory status output outputs the status code (7-byte data) such as the read protection condition. fah flash memory read protection setting enables the read protection.
page 202 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 6. flash memory status output mode the status of the area from ffe0h to ffffh, and the read protection co ndition are output as 7-byte code. the external controller reads this code to recognize the flash memory status. 7. flash memory read protection setting mode this mode disables reading the flash memory data in parallel prom mode. in the serial prom mode, the flash memory writing and ram loader modes are disabled. to disable th e flash memory read protection, perform the chip erase in th e flash memory erasing mode.
page 203 TMP86FS23UG 19.6.1 flash memory erasi ng mode (operati ng command: f0h) table 19-7 shows the flash memory erasing mode. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after transmitting 3 bytes of xxh. note 2: refer to " 19.13 specifying the erasure area ". note 3: refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". note 4: refer to " 19.10 passwords ". note 5: do not transmit the password string for a blank product. note 6: when a password error occurs, TMP86FS23UG stops ua rt communication and enters the halt mode. therefore, when a password error occurs, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. note 7: if an error occurs during transfer of a password addres s or a password string, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communica- tion and enters the halt condition. therefore, when a pa ssword error occurs, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. description of the flash memory erasing mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and r eceived data contain the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. table 19-7 flash memory erasing mode transfer byte transfer data from the external controller to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to the external controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: no data transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate change data (table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (f0h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (f0h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte 8th byte password count storage address bit 15 to 08 (note 4, 5) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 9th byte 10th byte password count storage address bit 07 to 00 (note 4, 5) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 11th byte 12th byte password comparison start address bit 15 to 08 (note 4, 5) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 13th byte 14th byte password comparison start address bit 07 to 00 (note 4, 5) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted) 15th byte : m?th byte password string (note 4, 5) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted n?th - 2 byte erase area specification (note 2) modified baud rate - n?th - 1 byte - modified baud rate ok: checksum (upper byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?th byte - modified baud rate ok: checksum (lower byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?th + 1 byte (wait for the next operation command data) modified baud rate -
page 204 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 2. the 5th byte of the received data contains th e command data in the flash memory erasing mode (f0h). 3. when the 5th byte of the receive d data contains the operation command data shown in table 19-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte position of the received data (in this case, f0h). if the 5th byte of the received data does not contai n the operation command data, the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of the operation command error code (63h). 4. the 7th thorough m'th bytes of the transmitted and received data contai n the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. in the case of a blank produc t, do not transmit a password string. (do not transmit a dummy password string.) 5. the n?th - 2 byte contains the erasure area specification data. the upper 4 bits and lower 4 bits specify the start address and end address of the erasure area, respectively. for the detailed description, see ?1.13 specifying the erasure area?. 6. the n?th - 1 byte and n?th byte contain the upper and lower bytes of the checksum, respectively. for how to calculate the checksum, refer to ?1.8 checksum (sum)?. checksum is calculated unless a receiving error or intel hex format error occurs. after sending the e nd record, the external controller judges whether the transmission is completed corr ectly by receiving the checksum sent by the device. 7. after sending the checksum, the device waits for the next operation command data.
page 205 TMP86FS23UG 19.6.2 flash memory writing mode (operation command: 30h) table 19-8 shows flash memory writing mode process. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". note 2: refer to " 19.9 intel hex format (binary) ". note 3: refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". note 4: refer to " 19.10 passwords ". note 5: if addresses from ffe0h to ffffh are filled with ?ffh?, the passwords are not compared because the device is consid- ered as a blank product. transmitting a password string is not requi red. even in the case of a blank product , it is required to specify the password count storage address and the password comparison start address. transmit these data from the external controller. if a password error occurs due to incorr ect password count storage address or password comparison start address, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt condition. therefore, when a password error occurs, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial rom mode. note 6: if the read protection is enabled or a password erro r occurs, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt confition. in this case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial rom mode. note 7: if an error occurs during the reception of a password address or a password string, TMP86FS23UG stops uart commu- nication and enters the halt condition. in th is case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. table 19-8 flash memory writing mode process transfer byte transfer data from external controller to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to external controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (30h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (30h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte 8th byte password count storage address bit 15 to 08 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 9th byte 10th byte password count storage address bit 07 to 00 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 11th byte 12th byte password comparison start address bit 15 to 08 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 13th byte 14th byte password comparison start address bit 07 to 00 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted) 15th byte : m?th byte password string (note 5) - modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted m?th + 1 byte : n?th - 2 byte intel hex format (binary) (note 2) modified baud rate - - n?th - 1 byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (upper byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?th byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (lower byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?th + 1 byte (wait state for the next operation com- mand data) modified baud rate -
page 206 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG description of the flash memory writing mode 1. the 1st byte of the received data contains the ma tching data. when the serial prom mode is acti- vated, TMP86FS23UG (her eafter called device), waits to receive the matching data (5ah). upon reception of the matching data, the device automatically adjusts the uart?s initial baud rate to 9600 bps. 2. when receiving the matching data (5ah), the device transmits an ech o back data (5ah) as the second byte data to the external controller. if the devi ce can not recognize the matching data, it does not transmit the echo back data and waits for the matc hing data again with automatic baud rate adjust- ment. therefore, the external cont roller should transmit the matching data repeatedly till the device transmits an echo back data. the transmission repe tition count varies depending on the frequency of device. for details, refer to table 19-5. 3. the 3rd byte of the received data contains the baud ra te modification data. the five types of baud rate modification data shown in table 19-4 are available. even if baud rate is not modified, the external controller should transmit the initial baud rate data (28h: 9600 bps). 4. only when the 3rd byte of the received data contai ns the baud rate modificat ion data corresponding to the device's operating frequency, th e device echoes back data the valu e which is the same data in the 4th byte position of the received data. after the ech o back data is transmitted, baud rate modification becomes effective. if the 3rd byte of the received data does not co ntain the baud rate modification data, the device enters the halts condition after se nding 3 bytes of baud rate modification error code (62h). 5. the 5th byte of the received data contains the command data (30h) to write the flash memory. 6. when the 5th byte of the received data contains the operation command data shown in table 1-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte position of the received data (in this case, 30h). if the 5th byte of the received da ta does not contain the op eration command data, the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of the operation command error code (63h). 7. the 7th byte contains the data for 15 to 8 bits of the password count storage address. when the data received with the 7th byte has no receiving error, the device does not send any data. if a receiving error or password error occurs, the device does not send any data and enters the halt condition. 8. the 9th byte contains the data for 7 to 0 bits of the password count storage address. when the data received with the 9th byte has no receiving error, the device does not send any data. if a receiving error or password error occurs, the device does not send any data and enters the halt condition. 9. the 11th byte contains the data for 15 to 8 bits of the password comparison start address. when the data received with the 11th byte has no receiving erro r, the device does not send any data. if a receiv- ing error or password error occurs, the device does not send any data and enters the halt condition. 10. the 13th byte contains the data for 7 to 0 bits of the password comparison start address. when the data received with the 13th byte ha s no receiving error, the device does not send any data. if a receiv- ing error or password error occurs, the device does not send any data and enters the halt condition. 11. the 15th through m?th bytes contain the passwor d data. the number of passwords becomes the data (n) stored in the password count storage address. the external password data is compared with n- byte data from the address specified by the passwor d comparison start addre ss. the external control- ler should send n-byte password data to the device. if the passwords do not match, the device enters the halt condition without returning an error code to the external controller . if the addresses from ffe0h to ffffh are filled with ?f fh?, the passwords are not conpare d because the device is consid- ered as a blank product. 12. the m?th + 1 through n?th - 2 bytes of the receive d data contain the binary data in the intel hex for- mat. no received data is echoed back to the extern al controller. after receiv ing the start mark (3ah for ?:?) in the intel hex format, the device starts data record reception. ther efore, the received data except 3ah is ignored until the start mark is received. afte r receiving the start mark, the device receives the data record, that consists of data lengt h, address, reco rd type, write data and checksum. since the device starts checksum cal culation after receiving an end r ecord, the external controller should wait for the checksum afte r sending the end record. if a recei ving error or intel hex format error occurs, the device enters the halts condition without returning an error code to the external con- troller. 13. the n?th - 1 and n?th bytes contain the checksum upper and lower bytes. for details on how to calcu- late the sum, refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". the checksum is calculated only when the end record is detected and no receivi ng error or intel hex format er ror occurs. after sending the end
page 207 TMP86FS23UG record, the external controller ju dges whether the transmission is co mpleted correctly by receiving the checksum sent by the device. 14. after transmitting the checksu m, the device waits for the next operation command data. note 1: do not write only the address from ffe0h to ffffh when all flash memory data is the same. if only these area are written, the subsequent operation can not be executed due to password error. note 2: to rewrite data to flash memory addresses at whic h data (including ffh) is already written, make sure to erase the existing data by "sector erase" or "chip erase" before rewriting data.
page 208 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 19.6.3 ram loader mode (o peration command: 60h) table 19-9 shows ram loader mode process. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". note 2: refer to " 19.9 intel hex format (binary) ". note 3: refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". note 4: refer to " 19.10 passwords ". note 5: if addresses from ffe0h to ffffh are filled with ?ffh?, the passwords are not compared because the device is consid- ered as a blank product. transmitting a password string is not requi red. even in the case of a blank product , it is required to specify the password count storage address and the password comparison start address. transmit these data from the external controller. if a password error occurs due to incorr ect password count storage address or password comparison start address, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt condition. therefore, when a password error occurs, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial rom mode. note 6: after transmitting a password string, the external c ontroller must not transmit only an end record. if receiving an end record after a password string, the device may not operate correctly. note 7: if the read protection is enabled or a password erro r occurs, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt condition. in this case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. table 19-9 ram loader mode process transfer bytes transfer data from external control- ler to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to external controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (60h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (60h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte 8th byte password count storage address bit 15 to 08 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 9th byte 10th byte password count storage address bit 07 to 00 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 11th byte 12th byte password comparison start address bit 15 to 08 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 13th byte 14th byte password comparison start address bit 07 to 00 (note 4) modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 15th byte : m?th byte password string (note 5) - modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted m?th + 1 byte : n?th - 2 byte intel hex format (binary) (note 2) modified baud rate modified baud rate - - n?th - 1 byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (upper byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?th byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (lower byte) (note 3) error: nothing transmitted ram - the program jumps to the start address of ram in which the first transferred data is written.
page 209 TMP86FS23UG note 8: if an error occurs during the reception of a password address or a password string, TMP86FS23UG stops uart commu- nication and enters the halt condition. in th is case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. description of ram loader mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and recei ved data contains the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 2. in the 5th byte of the received data contains the ram loader command data (60h). 3. when th 5th byte of the received data contains the operation command data shown in table 1-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte position (in this case, 60h). if the 5th byte does not contain the operation command data, the device enters the halt condition after send- ing 3 bytes of operation command error code (63h). 4. the 7th through m?th bytes of the transmitted and received data contai n the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 5. the m?th + 1 through n?th - 2 bytes of the received data contain the binary data in the intel hex for- mat. no received data is echoed back to the extern al controller. after receiv ing the start mark (3ah for ?:?) in the intel hex format, the device starts data record reception. ther efore, the received data except 3ah is ignored until the start mark is received. afte r receiving the start mark, the device receives the data record, that consists of data lengt h, address, reco rd type, write data and checksum. the writing data of the data record is written in to ram specified by address. since the device starts checksum calculation after receiving an end record, the external contro ller should wait for the check- sum after sending the end record. if a receiving error or intel hex format error occurs, the device enters the halts condition without returning an error code to the external controller. 6. the n?th - 1 and n?th bytes contain the checksum upper and lower bytes. for details on how to calcu- late the sum, refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". the checksum is calculated only when the end record is detected and no receivi ng error or intel hex format er ror occurs. after sending the end record, the external controller ju dges whether the transmission is co mpleted correctly by receiving the checksum sent by the device. 7. after transmitting the checksum to the external controller, the boot program jumps to the ram address that is specified by the first received data record. note 1: to rewrite data to flash memory addresses at whic h data (including ffh) is already written, make sure to erase the existing data by "sector erase" or "chip erase" before rewriting data.
page 210 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 19.6.4 flash memory sum out put mode (operati on command: 90h) table 19-10 shows flash memory sum output mode process. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". note 2: refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". description of the flash memory sum output mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and recei ved data contains the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 2. the 5th byte of the received data contains the command data in the flash memory sum output mode (90h). 3. when the 5th byte of the received data contains the operation command data shown in table 1-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte position of the received data (in this case, 90h). if the 5th byte of the received da ta does not contain the op eration command data, the device enters the halt condition after transmitting 3 bytes of operation command error code (63h). 4. the 7th and the 8th bytes contain the upper and lowe r bits of the checksum, respectively. for how to calculate the checksum, refer to " 19.8 checksum (sum) ". 5. after sending the checksum, the device waits for the next operation command data. table 19-10 flash memo ry sum output process transfer bytes transfer data from external control- ler to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to external controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (90h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (90h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (upper byte) (note 2) error: nothing transmitted 8th byte - modified baud rate ok: sum (lower byte) (note 2) error: nothing transmitted 9th byte (wait for the next operation com- mand data) modified baud rate -
page 211 TMP86FS23UG 19.6.5 product id code output mode (operation command: c0h) table 19-11 shows product id code output mode process. note: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters th e halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". description of product id code output mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and r eceived data contain the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 2. the 5th byte of the received data contains the product id code output mode command data (c0h). 3. when the 5th byte contains the operation command data shown in table 19-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte positio n of the received data (i n this case, c0h). if the 5th byte data does not contain the operation command data, the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of operation command error code (63h). 4. the 9th through 19th bytes contain the product id code. for details, refer to " 19.11 product id code ". table 19-11 product id code output process transfer bytes transfer data from external controller to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to external controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (c0h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (c0h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte modified baud rate 3ah start mark 8th byte modified baud rate 0ah the number of transfer data (from 9th to 18th bytes) 9th byte modified baud rate 02h length of address (2 bytes) 10th byte modified baud rate 1dh reserved data 11th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 12th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 13th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 14th byte modified baud rate 01h rom block count (1 block) 15th byte modified baud rate 10h first address of rom (upper byte) 16th byte modified baud rate 00h first address of rom (lower byte) 17th byte modified baud rate ffh end address of rom (upper byte) 18th byte modified baud rate ffh end address of rom (lower byte) 19th byte modified baud rate d2h checksum of transferred data (9th through 18th byte) 20th byte (wait for the next operation command data) modified baud rate -
page 212 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 5. after sending the checksum, the device waits for the next operation command data.
page 213 TMP86FS23UG 19.6.6 flash memory status out put mode (operati on command: c3h) table 19-12 shows flash memory status output mode process. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". note 2: for the details on status code 1, refer to " 19.12 flash memory status code ". description of flash memory status output mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and r eceived data contain the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 2. the 5th byte of the received data contains the flash memory status output mode command data (c3h). 3. when the 5th byte contains the operation command data shown in table 19-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte positio n of the received data (i n this case, c3h). if the 5th byte does not contain the operation command data, the device enters the halt condition after send- ing 3 bytes of operation command error code (63h). 4. the 9th through 13th bytes contain the status code. for details on the status code, refer to " 19.12 flash memory status code ". 5. after sending the status code, the device wa its for the next operation command data. table 19-12 flash memory status output mode process transfer bytes transfer data from external con- troller to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to exter- nal controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (c3h) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (c3h) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte modified baud rate 3ah start mark 8th byte modified baud rate 04h byte count (from 9th to 12th byte) 9th byte modified baud rate 00h to 03h status code 1 10th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 11th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 12th byte modified baud rate 00h reserved data 13th byte modified baud rate checksum 2?s complement for the sum of 9th through 12th bytes 9th byte checksum 00h: 00h 01h: ffh 02h: feh 03h: fdh 14th byte (wait for the next operation com- mand data) modified baud rate -
page 214 19. serial prom mode 19.6 operation mode TMP86FS23UG 19.6.7 flash memory read protection setting mode (operation command: fah) table 19-13 shows flash memory read protection setting mode process. note 1: ?xxh 3? indicates that the device enters the halt condition after sending 3 bytes of xxh. for details, refer to " 19.7 error code ". note 2: refer to " 19.10 passwords ". note 3: if the read protection is enabled for a blank product or a password error occurs for a non-blank product, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt mode. in this case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reacti- vate the serial prom mode. note 4: if an error occurs during reception of a password addres s or a password string, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communica- tion and enters the halt mode. in this case, initialize TMP86FS23UG by the reset pin and reactivate the serial prom mode. description of the flash memory read protection setting mode 1. the 1st through 4th bytes of the transmitted and r eceived data contain the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 2. the 5th byte of the received data contains the command data in th e flash memory status output mode (fah). 3. when the 5th byte of the received data contains the operation command data shown in table 1-6, the device echoes back the value which is the same data in the 6th byte position of the received data (in table 19-13 flash memory read protection setting mode process transfer bytes transfer data from external con- troller to TMP86FS23UG baud rate transfer data from TMP86FS23UG to exter- nal controller boot rom 1st byte 2nd byte matching data (5ah) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - (automatic baud rate adjustment) ok: echo back data (5ah) error: nothing transmitted 3rd byte 4th byte baud rate modification data (see table 19-4) - 9600 bps 9600 bps - ok: echo back data error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 62h 3 (note 1) 5th byte 6th byte operation command data (fah) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: echo back data (fah) error: a1h 3, a3h 3, 63h 3 (note 1) 7th byte 8th byte password count storage address 15 to 08 (note 2) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 9th byte 10th byte password count storage address 07 to 00 (note 2) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 11th byte 12th byte password comparison start address 15 to 08 (note 2) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 13th byte 14th byte password comparison start address 07 to 00 (note 2) modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted 15th byte : m?th byte password string (note 2) - modified baud rate modified baud rate - ok: nothing transmitted error: nothing transmitted n?th byte - modified baud rate ok: fbh (note 3) error: nothing transmitted n?+1th byte (wait for the next operation com- mand data) modified baud rate -
page 215 TMP86FS23UG this case, fah). if the 5th byte does not contai n the operation command data, the device enters the halt condition after transmitting 3 bytes of operation command error code (63h). 4. the 7th through m?th bytes of the transmitted and received data contai n the same data as in the flash memory writing mode. 5. the n'th byte contains the status to be transmitted to the external controller in the case of the success- ful read protection.
page 216 19. serial prom mode 19.7 error code TMP86FS23UG 19.7 error code when detecting an error, the device tr ansmits the error code to the external controller, as shown in table 19-14. note: if a password error occurs, TMP86FS23UG does not transmit an error code. 19.8 checksum (sum) 19.8.1 calculation method the checksum (sum) is calculated with the sum of all bytes, and the obtain ed result is returned as a word. the data is read for each byte unit and th e calculated result is returned as a word. example: the checksum which is transmitted by executing the fl ash memory write comman d, ram loader command, or flash memory sum output command is calculated in the manner, as shown above. table 19-14 error code transmit data meaning of error data 62h, 62h, 62h baud rate modification error. 63h, 63h, 63h operation command error. a1h, a1h, a1h framing error in the received data. a3h, a3h, a3h overrun error in the received data. a1h if the data to be calculated consists of the four bytes, the checksum of the data is as shown below. b2h a1h + b2h + c3h + d4h = 02eah sum (high)= 02h sum (low)= eah c3h d4h
page 217 TMP86FS23UG 19.8.2 calculation data the data used to calculate the ch ecksum is listed in table 19-15. table 19-15 checksum calculation data operating mode calculation data description flash memory writing mode data in the entire area of the flash memory even when a part of the flash memory is written, the checksum of the entire flash memory ar ea (1000h to fffh) is calculated. the data length, address, record type and checksum in intel hex format are not included in the checksum. flash memory sum output mode ram loader mode ram data written in the first received ram address through the last received ram address the length of data, address, record type and checksum in intel hex format are not included in the checksum. product id code output mode 9th through 18th bytes of the transferred data for details, refer to " 19.11 product id code ". flash memory status output mode 9th through 12th bytes of the tran sferred data for details, refer to " 19.12 flash memory status code " flash memory erasing mode all data in the erased area of the flash memory (the whole or part of the flash memory) when the sector erase is exec uted, only the erased area is used to calculate the checksum. in the case of the chip erase, an entire area of the flash memory is used.
page 218 19. serial prom mode 19.9 intel hex format (binary) TMP86FS23UG 19.9 intel hex format (binary) 1. after receiving the checksum of a data record, the device waits for the start mark (3ah ?:?) of the next data record. after receiving the checksum of a data reco rd, the device ignores the data except 3ah transmitted by the external controller. 2. after transmitting the checksum of en d record, the external controller mu st transmit nothing, and wait for the 2-byte receive data (upper and lower bytes of the checksum). 3. if a receiving error or intel hex fo rmat error occurs, the device enters the halt condition without returning an error code to the external controller. the in tel hex format error occurs in the following case: when the record type is not 00h, 01h, or 02h when a checksum error occurs when the data length of an extended record (record type = 02h) is not 02h when the device receives the data reco rd after receiving an extended record (record type = 02h ) with extended address of 1000h or larger. when the data length of the end record (record type = 01h) is not 00h 19.10passwords the consecutive eight or mo re-byte data in the flash memory ar ea can be specified to the password. TMP86FS23UG compares the data string specified to the password with the password string transmitted from the external controller. the area in which passwords can be specified is locat ed at addresses 1000h to ff9fh. the area from ffa0h to ffffh can not be specified as the passwords area. if addresses from ffe0h through fff fh are filled with ?ffh?, the passw ords are not compared because the product is considered as a blank product. even in this case, the password count stor age addresses and password comparison start address must be specified. table 19-16 shows the password setting in the blank product and non- blank product. note 1: when addresses from ffe0h through ffffh are filled wi th ?ffh?, the product is re cognized as a blank product. note 2: the data including the same consecutive data (three or mo re bytes) can not be used as a password. (this causes a pass- word error data. TMP86FS23UG transmits no data and enters the halt condition.) note 3: *: don?t care. note 4: when the above condition is not met, a password error oc curs. if a password error occurs , the device enters the halt con - dition without returning the error code. note 5: in the flash memory writing mode or ram loader mode, the blank product receives the intel hex format data immediately after receiving pcsa without receiving password strings. in this case, the subsequent processing is performed correctly because the blank product ignores the data exc ept the start mark (3ah ?:?) as the intel hex format data, even if the exter- nal controller transmits the dummy password string. however, if the dummy password string contains ?3ah?, it is detected as the start mark erroneously. the micr ocontroller enters the halt mode. if this causes the problem, do not transmit the dummy password strings. note 6: in the flash memory erasing mode, t he external controller must not transmit the password string for the blank product. table 19-16 password setting in the blank product and non-blank product password blank product (note 1) non-blank product pnsa (password count storage address) 1000h pnsa ff9fh 1000h pnsa ff9fh pcsa (password comparison start address) 1000h pcsa ff9fh 1000h pcsa ffa0 - n n (password count) *8 n password string setting not required (note 5) required (note 2)
page 219 TMP86FS23UG figure 19-5 password comparison 19.10.1password string the password string transmitted from th e external controller is compared w ith the specified data in the flash memory. when the password string is not matched to the data in the flash memory, the device enters the halt condition due to the password error. 19.10.2handling of password error if a password error occurs, the device enters the halt c ondition. in this case, reset the device to reactivate the serial prom mode. 19.10.3password management during program development if a program is modified many times in the development stage, confusion may arise as to the password. therefore, it is recommended to use a fixed password in the program development stage. example :specify pnsa to f000h, and the pa ssword string to 8 bytes from address f001h (pcsa becomes f001h.) password section code abs = 0f000h db 08h : pnsa definition db ?code1234? : password string definition 08h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 08h f012h f107h f108h flash memory f109h f10ah f10bh f10ch uart f0h 12h f1h 07h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h pnsa pcsa password string 06h 07h f10dh f10eh "08h" becomes the umber of passwords 8 bytes compare example pnsa = f012h pcsa = f107h password string = 01h,02h,03h,04h,05h 06h,07h,08h rxd pin
page 220 19. serial prom mode 19.11 product id code TMP86FS23UG 19.11product id code the product id code is the 13-byte data containing the start address and the end address of rom. table 19-17 shows the product id code format. 19.12flash memory status code the flash memory status code is the 7-byte data including the read protection status and the status of the data from ffe0h to ffffh. table 19-18 shows the flash memory status code. table 19-17 product id code format data description in the case of TMP86FS23UG 1st start mark (3ah) 3ah 2nd the number of transfer data (10 bytes from 3rd to 12th byte) 0ah 3rd address length (2 bytes) 02h 4th reserved data 1dh 5th reserved data 00h 6th reserved data 00h 7th reserved data 00h 8th rom block count 01h 9th the first address of rom (upper byte) 10h 10th the first address of rom (lower byte) 00h 11th the end address of rom (upper byte) ffh 12th the end address of rom (lower byte) ffh 13th checksum of the transferred data (2?s compliment for the sum of 3rd through 12th bytes) d2h table 19-18 flash memory status code data description in the case of TMP86FS23UG 1st start mark 3ah 2nd transferred data count (3rd through 6th byte) 04h 3rd status code 00h to 03h (see figure below) 4th reserved data 00h 5th reserved data 00h 6th reserved data 00h 7th checksum of the transferred data (2?s compliment for the sum of 3rd through 6th data) 3rd byte 00h 01h 02h 03h checksum 00h ffh feh fdh status code 1 76543210 rpena blank (initial value: 0000 00**)
page 221 TMP86FS23UG some operation commands are limited by the flash memory stat us code 1. if the read pr otection is enabled, flash memory writing mode command and ram loader mode co mmand can not be executed. erase all flash memory before executing these command. note: m : the command can be executed. pass: the command can be executed with a password. : the command can not be executed. (after echoing the command back to the exter nal controller, TMP86FS23UG stops uart communication and enters the halt condition.) rpena flash memory read pro- tection status 0: 1: read protection is disabled. read protection is enabled. blank the status from ffe0h to ffffh. 0: 1: all data is ffh in the area from ffe0h to ffffh. the value except ffh is included in the area from ffe0h to ffffh. rpena blank flash memory writing mode ram loader mode flash memory sum output mode product id code output mode flash memory status output mode flash memory erasing mode read protec- tion setting mode chip erase sec- tor erase 00 mmmmmm 0 1 pass pass mmm pass pass 10 mmmm 11 mmm pass pass
page 222 19. serial prom mode 19.13 specifying the erasure area TMP86FS23UG 19.13specifying the erasure area in the flash memory erasing m ode, the erasure area of the flas h memory is specified by n ? 2 byte data. the start address of an erasure area is specified by erasta, and the end address is specified by eraend. if erasta is equal to or smaller than eraend, the sector erase (erasure in 4 kbyte units) is executed. executing the sector erase while the read protection is enabled results in an infinite loop. if erasta is larger than eraend, th e chip erase (erasure of an entire flash memory area) is executed and the read protection is disabled. therefore, execute the chip erase (not sector erase) to disable the read protection. note: when the sector erase is executed for the area contai ning no flash cell, TMP86FS23UG stops the uart communi- cation and enters the halt condition. 19.14port input control register in the serial prom mode, the input level is fixed to the all ports except p11 and p10 por ts with a hardware feature to prevent overlap current to unused ports. (all port inpu ts and peripheral function inputs shared with the ports become invalid.) therefore, to access to the flash memory in the ram load er mode without uart communication, port inputs must be valid. to make port inputs valid, set the pin of the port input contro l register (spcr) to ?1?. the spcr register is not operated in the mcu mode. erasure area specification data (n ? 2 byte data) 76543210 erasta eraend erasta the start address of the erasure area 0000: 0001: 0010: 0011: 0100: 0101: 0110: 0111: 1000: 1001: 1010: 1011: 1100: 1101: 1110: 1111: from 0000h from 1000h from 2000h from 3000h from 4000h from 5000h from 6000h from 7000h from 8000h from 9000h from a000h from b000h from c000h from d000h from e000h from f000h eraend the end address of the erasure area 0000: 0001: 0010: 0011: 0100: 0101: 0110: 0111: 1000: 1001: 1010: 1011: 1100: 1101: 1110: 1111: to 0fffh to 1fffh to 2fffh to 3fffh to 4fffh to 5fffh to 6fffh to 7fffh to 8fffh to 9fffh to afffh to bfffh to cfffh to dfffh to efffh to ffffh
page 223 TMP86FS23UG note 1: the spcr register can be read or written only in the seri al prom mode. when the write instruction is executed to the spcr register in the mcu mode, the port input control can not be performed. when the read instruction is executed for the spcr register in the mcu mode, read data of bit7 to 1 are unstable. note 2: all i/o ports except p11 and p10 por ts are controlled by the spcr register. port input control register spcr (0feah) 76543210 pin (initial value: **** ***0) pin port input control in the serial prom mode 0 : invalid port inputs (the input level is fixed with a hardware feature.) 1 : valid port inputs r/w
page 224 19. serial prom mode 19.15 flowchart TMP86FS23UG 19.15flowchart start setup receive uart data receive data = 5ah adjust the baud rate (adjust the source clock to 9600 bps) no yes transmit uart data (transmit data = 5ah) receive uart data modify the baud rate based on the receive data receive data = 30h (flash memory writing mode) receive data = 60h (ram loader mode) receive uart data (intel hex format) transmit uart data (checksum of an entire area) receive uart data transmit uart data (transmit data = 60h) receive uart data (intel hex format) jump to the start address of ram program transmit uart data (checksum of an entire area) receive data = c0h (product id code output mode) transmit uart data (transmit data = c0h) flash memory write process ram write process transmit uart data (product id code) transmit uart data (echo back the baud rate modification data) verify the password (compare the receive data and flash memory data) read protection check protection disabled read protection check protection disabled infinite loop infinite loop ng protection enable ng receive data = c3h (flash memory status output mode) transmit uart data (transmit data = c3h) receive data = f0h (flash memory erasing mode) transmit uart data (transmit data = f0h) infinite loop ng chip erase (erase on entire area) transmit uart data (checksum of an entire area) receive data = fah (read protection setting mode) transmit uart data (transmit data = fah) read protection setting read protection check blank product check infinite loop ng blank product check blank product check non-blank product non-blank product ok blank product ok blank product check non-blank product ok ok blank product check non-blank product blank product protection enable blank product disable read protection blank product receive uart data receive data sector erase (block erase) upper 4 bits x 1000h to lower 4 bits x 1000h transmit uart data (checksum of the erased area) upper 4 bits > lower 4 bits transmit uart data (transmit data = 30h) transmit uart data (transmit data = 90h) receive data = 90h (flash memory sum output mode) verify the password (compare the receive data and flash memory data) transmit uart data (checksum) verify the password (compare the receive data and flash memory data) verify the password (compare the receive data and flash memory data) transmit uart data (status of the read protection and blank product) transmit uart data (transmit data = fbh) read protection check upper 4 bits < lower 4 bits protection enabled infinite loop protection disabled
page 225 TMP86FS23UG 19.16uart timing table 19-19 uart timing-1 (vdd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, fc = 2 to 16 mhz, topr = -10 to 40c) parameter symbol clock frequency (fc) minimum required time at fc = 2 mhz at fc = 16 mhz time from matching data reception to the echo back cmeb1 approx. 930 465 s58.1 s time from baud rate modification data reception to the echo back cmeb2 approx. 980 490 s61.3 s time from operation command reception to the echo back cmeb3 approx. 800 400 s 50 s checksum calculation time cksm approx. 7864500 3.93 s 491.5 s erasure time of an entire flash memory ceall - 30 ms 30 ms erasure time for a sector of a flash memory (in 4-kbyte units) cesec - 15 ms 15 ms table 19-20 uart timing-2 (vdd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, fc = 2 to 16 mhz, topr = -10 to 40c) parameter symbol clock frequency (fc) minimum required time at fc = 2 mhz at fc = 16 mhz time from the reset release to the acceptance of start bit of rxd pin rxsup 2100 1.05 ms 131.3 ms matching data transmission interval cmtr1 28500 14.2 ms 1.78 ms time from the echo back of matching data to the acceptance of baud rate modification data cmtr2 380 190 s 23.8 s time from the echo back of baud rate modification data to the acceptance of an operation command cmtr3 650 325 s 40.6 s time from the echo back of operation command to the acceptance of password count storage addresses (upper byte) cmtr4 800 400 s50 s reset pin rxd pin rxsup (5ah) cmeb1 (5ah) cmtr2 (28h) (28h) cmeb2 cmtr3 (30h) (30h) cmeb3 cmtr4 txd pin rxd pin txd pin (5ah) (5ah) (5ah) cmtr1
page 226 19. serial prom mode 19.16 uart timing TMP86FS23UG
page 227 TMP86FS23UG 20. input/output circuitry 20.1 control pins the input/output circuitries of the TMP86FS23UG control pins are shown below. note: the test pin of the tmp86fs23 does not have a pull-down resistor. fix the test pin at low-level in mcu mode. control pin i/o input/output circuitry remarks xin xout input output resonator connecting pins (high-frequency) r f = 1.2 m ? (typ.) r o = 0.5 k ? (typ.) xtin xtout input output resonator connecting pins (low-frequency) r f = 6 m ? (typ.) r o = 220 k ? (typ.) reset input hysteresis input pull-up resistor r in = 220 k ? (typ.) test input without pull-down resistor r = 1 k ? (typ.) fix the test pin at low-level in mcu mode. fc r f r o osc. enable xin xout vdd vdd fs r f r o osc. enable xtin xtout xten vdd vdd vdd address-trap-reset watchdog-timer system-clock-reset r in vdd r d 1
page 228 20. input/output circuitry 20.2 input/output ports TMP86FS23UG 20.2 input/output ports port i/o input/output circuitry remarks p1 i/o tri-state i/o hysteresis input r = 100 ? (typ.) lcd segment output p5 p7 p8 i/o tri-state i/o r = 100 ? (typ.) lcd segment output p2 i/o sink open drain output hysteresis input r = 100 ? (typ.) p34 to p30 i/o sink open drain output or c-mos output hysteresis input high current output (nch) (only p33, p34 port) r = 100 ? (typ.) p37 to p35 output sink open drain output high current output (nch) p6 i/o tri-state i/o hysteresis input ain input r = 100 ? (typ.)
 
      

  
 
      

  
 
   


   
 
 

    


    

  
 
  
   

 
     

  
page 229 TMP86FS23UG 21. electrical characteristics 21.1 absolute maximum ratings the absolute maximum ratings are rated values which must not be exceeded during operat ion, even for an instant. any one of the ratings must not be exceeded. if any absolute maximum rati ng is exceeded, a device may break down or its performance may be degraded, causi ng it to catch fire or explode resul ting in injury to the user. thus, when designing products which include this de vice, ensure that no absolute maximu m rating value will ever be exceeded. (v ss = 0 v) parameter symbol pins ratings unit supply voltage v dd ? 0.3 to 6.5 v input voltage v in ? 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 output voltage v out ? 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 output current (per 1 pin) i out1 p1, p30 to p34, p5, p6, p7, p8 port ? 1.8 ma i out2 p1, p2, p30 to p32, p5, p6, p7, p8 port 3.2 i out3 p33 to p37 port 30 output current (total) i out1 p1, p30 to p34, p5, p6, p7, p8 port ? 30 i out2 p1, p2, p30 to p32, p5, p6, p7, p8 port 60 i out3 p33 to p37 port 80 power dissipation [topr = 85 c] p d 350 mw soldering temperature (time) tsld 260 (10 s) c storage temperature tstg ? 55 to 125 operating temperature topr ? 40 to 85
page 230 21. electrical characteristics 21.2 recommended operating condition TMP86FS23UG 21.2 recommended op erating condition the recommended operating co nditions for a device are operating conditions under which it can be guaranteed that the device will operate as specified. if the device is us ed under operating conditions other than the recommended operating conditions (supply voltage, operating temperature range, specified ac/dc values etc.), malfunction may occur. thus, when designing products which include this device, ensure that the r ecommended operating conditions for the device are always adhered to. 21.2.1 when programming flas h memory in mcu mode 21.2.2 when not programming flash memory in mcu mode note: when the supply voltage v dd is less than 3.0 v, the operating temperature topr must be in a range of -20 to 85 c. (v ss = 0 v, topr = ? 10 to 40 c) parameter symbol pins ratings min max unit supply voltage v dd normal1, 2 modes 4.5 5.5 v input high level v ih1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v v dd 0.70 v dd v ih2 hysteresis input v dd 0.75 input low level v il1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v 0 v dd 0.30 v il2 hysteresis input v dd 0.25 clock frequency fc xin, xout 1.0 16.0 mhz (v ss = 0 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol pins ratings min max unit supply voltage v dd fc = 16 mhz normal1, 2 modes idle0, 1, 2 modes 3.5 5.5 v fc = 8 mhz normal1, 2 modes idle0, 1, 2 modes 2.7 (note1) fs = 32.768 khz slow1, 2 modes sleep0, 1, 2 modes stop mode input high level v ih1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v v dd 0.70 v dd v ih2 hysteresis input v dd 0.75 v ih3 v dd < 4.5 v v dd 0.90 input low level v il1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v 0 v dd 0.30 v il2 hysteresis input v dd 0.25 v il3 v dd < 4.5 v v dd 0.10 clock frequency fc xin, xout v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v 1.0 8.0 mhz v dd = 3.5 to 5.5 v 16.0 fs xtin, xtout v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v 30.0 34.0 khz
page 231 TMP86FS23UG 21.2.3 serial prom mode (v ss = 0 v, topr = ? 10 to 40 c) parameter symbol pins condition min max unit supply voltage v dd normal1, 2 modes 4.5 5.5 v input high voltage v ih1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v v dd 0.70 v dd v ih2 hysteresis input v dd 0.75 input low voltage v il1 except hysteresis input v dd 4.5 v 0 v dd 0.30 v il2 hysteresis input v dd 0.25 clock frequency fc xin, xout 2.0 16.0 mhz
page 232 21. electrical characteristics 21.3 dc characteristics TMP86FS23UG 21.3 dc characteristics note 1: typical values show those at topr = 25 c, v dd = 5 v note 2: input current (i in1 , i in2 ); the current through pull-up or pull-down resistor is not included. note 3: i dd does not include i ref current. note 4: the supply currents of slow 2 and sleep 2 modes are equivalent to idle 0, 1, 2. note 5: output resistors ros and roc indicate "on" when switching levels. note 6: v o2/3 indicates the output voltage at the 2/3 level when operating in the 1/4 or 1/3 duty mode. note 7: v o1/2 indicates the output voltage at the 1/2 level when operating in the 1/2 duty or static mode. note 8: v o1/3 indicates the output voltage at the 1/3 level when operating in the 1/4 or 1/3 duty mode. note 9: when using lcd, it is neces sary to consider values of r os1/2 and r oc1/2 . note 10:when a program is executing in t he flash memory or when data is being read from the flash memory, the flash memory operates in an intermittent manner, causing peak curr ents in the operation current, as shown in figure 21-1. (v ss = 0 v, topr = -40 to 85 c) parameter symbol pins condition min typ. max unit hysteresis voltage v hs hysteresis input ? 0.9 ? v input current i in1 test v dd = 5.5 v, v in = 5.5 v/0 v ?? 2 a i in2 sink open drain, tri-state i in3 reset , stop input resistance r in2 reset pull-up 100 220 450 k ? output leakage current i lo sink open drain, tri-state v dd = 5.5 v, v out = 5.5 v/0 v ?? 2 a output high voltage v oh c-mos, tri?state port v dd = 4.5 v, i oh = ?0.7 ma 4.1 ? ? v output low voltage v ol except xout and p3 port v dd = 4.5 v, i ol = 1.6 ma ??0.4 output low current i ol high current port (p33 to p37 port) v dd = 4.5 v, v ol = 1.0 v ?20?ma supply current in normal1, 2 modes i dd v dd = 5.5 v v in = 5.3 v/0.2 v fc = 16 mhz fs = 32.768 khz when a program operates on flash memory (note10,11) ?12.620 ma supply current in idle0, 1, 2 modes ?610 supply current in slow1 mode v dd = 3.0 v v in = 2.8 v/0.2 v fs = 32.768 khz when a program operates on flash memory (note10,11) ?40260 a when a program operates on ram ?1825 supply current in sleep1 mode ?1018 supply current in sleep0 mode ?816 supply current in stop mode v dd = 5.5 v v in = 5.3 v/0.2 v ?0.510 segment output low resistance r os1 seg pin ?20? k ? common output low resistance r oc1 com pin 20 segment output high resistance r os2 seg pin 200 common output high resistance r oc2 com pin 200 segment/common output voltage v o2/3 seg/com pin v dd = 5.0 v v lc = 2.0 v 3.8 ? 4.2 v v o1/2 3.3 3.7 v o1/3 2.8 3.2
page 233 TMP86FS23UG in this case, the supply current i dd (in normal1, normal2 and slow1 modes) is defined as the sum of the average peak current and mcu current. note 11:when designing the power supply, make sure that peak currents can be supplied. in slow1 mode, the difference between the peak current and the average current becomes large. figure 21-1 intermittent operation of flash memory n program coutner (pc) n+1 n+2 n+3 1 machine cycle (4/fc or 4/fs) mcu current i [ma] ddp-p typ. current momentary flash current max. current sum of average momentary flash current and mcu current
page 234 21. electrical characteristics 21.4 ad conversion characteristics TMP86FS23UG 21.4 ad conversi on characteristics note 1: the total error includes all errors except a quantizati on error, and is defined as a maximum deviation from the ideal co n- version line. note 2: conversion time is different in recommended value by power supply voltage. about conversion time, please re fer to ?register framing?. note 3: please use input voltage to ain input pin in limit of v aref to v ss . when voltage of range outside is input, conversion value becomes unsettled and gives affect to other channel conversion value. note 4: analog reference voltage range: ? v aref = v aref ? v ss note 5: the a vdd pin should be fixed on the v dd level even though ad converter is not used. note 6: when the supply voltage v dd is less than 3.0 v, the operating temperature topr must be in a range of ? 20 to 85 c. (v ss = 0.0 v, 4.5 v v dd 5.5 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol condition min typ. max unit analog reference voltage v aref a vdd ? 1.0 ? a vdd v power supply voltage of analog control circuit (note 5) a vdd v dd analog reference voltage range (note 4) ? v aref 3.5 ?? analog input voltage v ain v ss ? v aref power supply current of analog reference voltage i ref v dd = a vdd = v aref = 5.5 v v ss = 0.0 v ? 0.6 1.0 ma non linearity error v dd = a vdd = 5.0 v v ss = 0.0 v v aref = 5.0 v ?? 2 lsb zero point error ?? 2 full scale error ?? 2 to t a l e r r o r ?? 2 (v ss = 0.0 v, 2.7 v v dd < 4.5 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol condition min typ. max unit analog reference voltage v aref a vdd ? 1.0 ? a vdd v power supply voltage of analog control circuit (note 5) a vdd v dd analog reference voltage range (note 4) ? v aref 2.5 ?? analog input voltage v ain v ss ? v aref power supply current of analog reference voltage i ref v dd = a vdd = v aref = 4.5 v v ss = 0.0 v ? 0.5 0.8 ma non linearity error v dd = a vdd = 2.7 v v ss = 0.0 v v aref = 2.7 v ?? 2 lsb zero point error ?? 2 full scale error ?? 2 to t a l e r r o r ?? 2
page 235 TMP86FS23UG 21.5 ac characteristics note: when the supply voltage v dd is less than 3.0 v, the operating temperature topr must be in a range of ? 20 to 85 c. 21.6 timer counter 1 inpu t (ecin) characteristics 21.7 flash characteristics 21.7.1 write/retenti on characteristics (v ss = 0 v, v dd = 3.5 to 5.5 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol condition min typ. max unit machine cycle time tcy normal1, 2 mode 0.25 ? 4 s idle1, 2 mode slow1, 2 mode 117.6 ? 133.3 sleep1, 2 mode high level clock pulse width t wch for external clock operation (xin input) fc = 16 mhz ? 31.25 ? ns low level clock pulse width t wcl high level clock pulse width t wch for external clock operation (xtin input) fs = 32.768 khz ? 15.26 ? s low level clock pulse width t wcl (v ss = 0 v, v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol condition min typ. max unit machine cycle time tcy normal1, 2 mode 0.5 ? 4 s idle1, 2 mode slow1, 2 mode 117.6 ? 133.3 sleep1, 2 mode high level clock pulse width t wch for external clock operation (xin input) fc = 8 mhz ? 62.5 ? ns low level clock pulse width t wcl high level clock pulse width t wch for external clock operation (xtin input) fs = 32.768 khz ? 15.26 ? s low level clock pulse width t wcl (v ss = 0 v, topr = ? 40 to 85 c) parameter symbol condition min typ. max unit tc1 input (ecin input) t tc1 frequency measurement mode v dd = 3.5 to 5.5 v single edge count ?? 16 mhz both edge count ?? frequency measurement mode v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v single edge count ?? 8 both edge count ?? (v ss = 0 v) paramete condition min max. typ. unit number of guaranteed writes to flash memory v ss = 0 v, topr = ? 10 to 40 c ?? 100 times
page 236 21. electrical characteristics 21.8 recommended oscillating conditions TMP86FS23UG 21.8 recommended osc illating conditions note 1: to ensure stable oscillation, the resonator position, load capacitance, etc. must be appropriate. because these factors are greatly affected by board patterns, please be sure to evaluate operation on the board on which the device will act ually be mounted. note 2: for the resonators to be used with toshiba microcont rollers, we recommend ceramic resonators manufactured by murata manufacturing co., ltd. for details, please visit the website of murata at the following url: http://www.murata.com 21.9 handling precaution - the solderability test conditions for lead-free produc ts (indicated by the suffix g in product name) are shown below. 1. when using the sn-37pb solder bath solder bath temperature = 230 c dipping time = 5 seconds number of times = once r-type flux used 2. when using the sn-3.0ag-0.5cu solder bath solder bath temperature = 245 c dipping time = 5 seconds number of times = once r-type flux used note: the pass criteron of the above test is as follows: solderability rate until forming 95 % - when using the device (oscillator) in places exposed to high electric fields such as cathode-ray tubes, we recommend electrically shielding the package in order to maintain normal operating condition.
 

   

    
    
 
page 237 TMP86FS23UG 22. package dimension p-lqfp64-1010-0.50d unit: mm
page 238 22. package dimension TMP86FS23UG
this is a technical document that de scribes the operating functi ons and electrical specif ications of the 8-bit microcontroller series tlcs-870/c (lsi). toshiba provides a variety of development tools a nd basic software to enable efficient software development. these development tools have specifi cations that support advances in microcomputer hardware (lsi) and can be used extensively. both the hardware and so ftware are supported continuous ly with version updates. the recent advances in cmos lsi production technology have be en phenomenal and microcomputer systems for lsi design are constant ly being improved. the products described in this document may also be revised in the future. be sure to check the latest specific ations before using. toshiba is developing highly integrated, high-perfo rmance microcomputers using advanced mos production technology and especially well proven cmos technology. we are prepared to meet the requests for custom packaging for a variet y of application areas. we are confident that our products can satisfy your application needs now and in the future.